We use am, is or are, to talk what somebody is doing or what she or she is.

I am a student. I am studying English.

She is a doctor. She is examining a patient.

They are fishermen. They are fishing.

 Words that tell us what people do or what happens are called verbs.

Examples: drink, get, and go.

When we want to talk about what people did or what happened some time ago, we use the past tense of verbs.

 Examples: drank, got, and went.

I drank cold last week.

I got a sore throat.

I went to the doctor.

She gave me medicines.

I got well.

 We use `a’ or `an’ when we mean one of something. We do not use a before plurals.

We cannot say a birds x (wrong) or a trees x (wrong).

We do not use a before things that we cannot count, like milk, sugar or water.

We say a glass of milk (It is Wright) or a kilo of sugar (it is Wright).

We never say `a milk’ (it is wrong) or a sugar (it is wrong).

 `An is’ used instead of a before words that begin with a vowel (a, e, o u).

A city, a river-an engine, an orange

`An is’ also used before words that begin with a silent h. an hour but a house.

When we talk about something for the first time, we use a or an. If we talk about it again, we use the.

There was a jamun tree near my house. The tree was twenty years old.

 We use some and to talk about things that cannot be counted.

May I have some water, please?

I don’t want any food.

 However, sometimes some and any can also be used for countable things.

There aren’t any hospitals her.

However, there are some medicine shops.

We use many before things that can be counted.

I have many pets.

There are many pencils in this drawer.

 Some words such as he, she, and it they can take the place of nouns.

We use them when we don’t want to repeat a noun.

We use it when we talk about an animal or a thing.

 Ira goes to the park every day. She likes to play cricket with her friends. Sammy is Ira’s brother. He is a good bowler. They love their dog Sputnik- it follows them everywhere.

 We use the words I, me, we and us when we talk about ourselves. We use you for the person we are talking to. I like grapes. Please me some. Will you have a banana?

The other common words that are used instead of nouns are him, her, and them.

This is Sona’s skirt. Give it to her.

This is Sudhir’s shirt. Give it to him.

Ask them put the clothes away.

 Adjectives: similar and opposite

Adjectives are describing words. They describe nouns. The large elephant played with the big stag. The fierce tiger followed the angry buffalo.

 Adverbs of time, place, manager

Adverbs are words which tell us when something happened, how something happened, or how someone did something.

The bears came home early. (When)

They found goldilocks sleeping there. (Where)

She was sleeping peacefully. (How)

W, h questions

We use the words who, where, which, when and how to ask questions.

Who is your new friend?

What is her name?

Where does she stay? Which team does she belong to?

When does she practice her tennis?

How does she go to school?

 Preposition

Word like under, above, in, on, at to, near, beside tell us where things are or the place where you can find something.

The apples are in the basket.

The basket is on the table.

The table is near the cupboard.

The cupboard is beside the bed.

The bed is between the cupboard and the table.