VOICES

Voices are of two types:

• Active voice
• Passive voice

Active Voice:

When a verb shows that the subject has done something is known as active voice.

Example:

Shanthi gave a booK[Active voice].
Shanthi-subject
Gave    -Verb
Book    -object.

Passive Voice:

When a verb shows that something has been done to the subject,it is known as passive voice.

Example:
A book was given by Shanthi.[Passive voice]
Book         -subject
Was given-verb 
Shanthi     -object.

RULES FOR CHANGE OF ACTIVE VOICE INTO PASSIVE VOICE:

• The ‘subject’ in the active voice becomes the ‘object’ in the passive voice.
• The ‘object’ in the active voice becomes the ‘subject’ in the passive voice.
• The meaning of the sentence does not change in the other voice.
• The ‘tense’ of the verb also does not change.
• Preposition ‘by’ is used in the passive voice to give complete sense to the sentence.
• Care must be taken to change the voice without changing the tense of the verbs given and taking into consideration singular and plural subjects and objects.

Change Into Passive Voice:

Simple present Tense:

Rules: o+pre.”BE” v[am,is,are]+past participle+by+objective case.

Example:
Singular: [Active into passive]
I write a letter.[Active]
A letter is written by me.[Passive]
Plural:
I write letters.[Active]
Letters are written by me.[Passive]

Present Continuous:

Rule: o+pre.”BE” v+being+past particile+by+objective case.

Example:
Singular:
I am writing a letter.[Active]       
A letter is being written by me.[Passive]
Plural:
I am writing the letters.[Active]
The letters are being written by me.[Passive]

Present Perfect Tense:

Rule: o+have/has+been+past participle+by+objective case.

Example:
Singular:
I have written a letter.[Active]
A letter has been written by me.[Passive]
Plural:
I have written the letters.[Active]
The letters have been written by me.[Passive]

Simple past tense:

Rule: o+past ”BE” v[was,were]+past participle+by+objective case.

Example:
Singular:
I wrote a letter.[Active]
A letter was written by me.[Passive]
Plural:
I wrote letters.[Active]
Letters were written by me.[Passive]

Past continuous:

Rule: o+past “BE” v+being+past participle+by+objective case.

Example:
singular:
I was writing a letter.[Active]
A letter was being written by me.[Passive]
Plural:
I was writing the letters.[Active]
The letters were being written by me.[Passive]

Past perfect tense:
Rule: o+had+been+past participle+by+objective case.

Example:
Singular:
I had written a letter.[Active]
A letter had been written by me.[Passive]   
Plural:
I had written the letters.[Active]
The letters had been written by me.[Passive]

Future tense:
Rule: o+F.A.V.+be+past participle+by+objective case.

Example:
Singular:
I will write a letter.[Active]
A letter will be written by me.[passive]
Plural:
I will write the letters.[Active]
The letters will be written by me.[Passive]

Future perfect tense:
Rules: o+F.A.V.+have+been+past participle+by+objective case.

Example:
Singular:
I will/shall have written a letter.[Active]
A letter will have been written by me.[Passive]
Plural:
I will/shall have written the letters.[Active]
The letters will have been written by me.[Passive]

Commands And Requests:

Rules: Let+object+be+past participle

Examples:

ACTIVE PASSIVE
Do the work.                 Let the work be done.
Please,write the test.      Let the test be written.

Yes or No type questions:
Rule: Helping verb+object….?

Example:

ACTIVE PASSIVE
Do you like coffee?     Is coffee liked by you?
Has he planned the     Has the tour been tour?                       
planned by him?

Wh-Questions:

Rules: By whom+Helping+object…?

Example:

ACTIVE                         PASSIVE
Who broke this table?     By whom was…..?
Who can meet the P.M?  By whom can….?
OTHERS:
Why do you drink milk? Why is milk drunk by you?

Exceptional Cases:

• I must write a letter/letters.[Active voice]
  A letters must be written by me.[Passive voice]
  I should write a letter/letters.[Active voice]
  A letter should be written by me.[Passive voice]
  Likewise may,can also can be changed like this.

Thankyou,

Rajkumar