Introduction.
The internet becomes an essential part of a human being and without it no work is going to be completed. However, when we see a one or two decades before it is an interesting part of our life. This service can be used for enjoyment purpose but with the development of technology, it becomes a most essential part of our body.
Today people are just becoming mad for the internet, they want high-speed internet for their day to day purpose they cannot live a single hour without checking their e-mail account. If they want something to be search, they just open a browser and type his word. They easily found a solution of their problem over the internet. Now a day people just like video conference to talk to their relative. For home user, it becomes a thing of enjoyment, they just use YouTube to watch their favorite movie clip etc. They always want to update their Facebook status. For all this purpose, they all are in search for a high-speed internet service.
When there is a survey taken by USA about 75 percentages of adult-child use internet broadband service at their home. There was a one more survey that was taken by USA the year 2008 and according to this about 58 percentages of internet users use a cell phone or any electronic device such as PDA, etc for non voice talking such as sending Email, Recording a video, their cell phone and many other. About 42 percentages of people use wifi enabled computer and laptop or any other device to access high-speed internet without any barriers.
When we consider a few years back we have a very limit device or option through which we can use high-speed internet.
1. Suppose that if you use a laptop or any other electronic media such as mobile phone, which is WIFI enabled, then you can easily use free wifi to surf the internet and check your e-mail account in WIFI enabled area such as Airport, Collage campus, Multiplex or any other places.
2. If your mobile phone support a WAP Wireless Application Protocol) Service, then you can use the internet.
3. If you own a Smartphone, BlackBerry model then you can easily use Wap service but in a simple way. You only are only free to check E-mail and browse the internet with high speed.
But today all things have been changed as today there are lots of many mobile broadband network that offers you a high speed internet but you have to pay some amount of money to use that service. Lets come and see different type of mobile broadband networks Services in India.
To use broadband service on mobile we use the same technology. This technology Makes our mobile phone works. These all are controlled by Radio Wave and Frequencies. Mobile phone radio Tower sends a signal in the form of packets of digital information to and fro against each other and vice versa. What happens in this technology packet of digital information carry information in the form of voice data. We we take a case of a mobile broadband service it changes to different case as Packet of information carries another type of data in the form of Email, Music file, video file and web page, Streaming Video and lots more.
CDMA Technology.
To operate a mobile broadband service in India, there are two Technologies such as Global System for mobile communication (GSM) and Code Division Multiplex Access (CDMA). In our Country, GSM is more popular to use it as the internet whereas CDMA is more popular in United States Of America for accessing the Internet. Two Services GSM and CDMA are different because they use different technologies to share space on a radio spectrum. Both technologies Use different algorithms so that many people at a time to share internet service without any disturbance.
3G or mobile phone broadband is also known as third-generation mobile phone technology. Both the technologies such as GSM and CDMA has its own 3G technology so that users take the advantage of high-speed internet over a network. CDMA technology that the use of mobile broadband service is also known as EVDO. The most interesting idea is that it runs over a part of mobile which give full and entire data. When we use a voice call, it requires a lot of bandwidth so that it can maintain the quality of sound that we receive.
A voice channel can be separated by data channel so that you can enjoy a high-speed internet facility such as E-mail, watching video and surfing on the net. EVDO technology gives an Average speed of 300-400 kbps that is equivalent to DSL.
You must have an EVDO enable device to use EVDO, or you need an EVDO Network card that you might plug into your Laptop or computer. This Network Card uses a USB port to connect to the internet. You need to remain in Evdo Cellular Signal so that you can enjoy a high-speed internet without any barriers. Otherwise you’re your speed come down, and you are not able the surf the internet with high speed.
HSDPA Technology.
Your device must enable with a Technology HSDPA To Surf the internet with a high speed. One plus point is that it can support both Voice, and data transfer at a same time. In that case, you are able to surf the internet, and at the same time you may talk to your relative too. It has a best data-transfer speed for downloading as compare to upload a File. HSDPA technology gives a minimum speed of 400-800 kbps that is best than EVDO technology. You must own a HSDPA enabled device so that you can use a high-speed internet on your mobile phone or Smartphone. Otherwise you purchase a Special Network card that can be plugged into your Computer or laptop.
It makes your Device Enable so that you can surf the net with high speed. In India, there are various mobile network companies that offer mobile broadband services on your Mobile. Aircel is based on EVDO technology where as Reliance and Airtel are based on HSDPA technology. There are So many Mobile networks that offer HSDPA Service Other than this too.
The speed of this Technology depends on the area in which you stay. If you are in a Metropolitician City, then data Transfer Speed is high as compared to data-transfer speed in Rural area.
Suppose that you are in a AT&T’s (Mobile Broadband Service) Area coverage then you can easily surf the web, Do voice call, Instant Messaging, Send E-mail, etc. but when are out of this AT&T’s coverage area you are not able to do all these activities with a high speed as you do that in coverage area.
Reliance and Airtel service is same. You can enjoy everything that you think to do with mobile broadband service such as watching mobile Tv, watching streaming Video, Making phone calls, Sending E-mail, Download musics and video, Listening streaming Music and much More. You can experience the speed up to 600 kbps to 1.5 Mbps speed.
The different mobile network company has different speed, and it's different in a different area too.
What Money you have to give to these mobile network companies so that you can use a high-speed internet.
There are basic four ways by which you can connect to the 3G network are as follow:
1. PDA or Smartphone.
2. Mobile with 3G facility.
3. Computer Or laptop with PC Card.
4. Use a Mobile Phone with Computer to Access the Internet.
Different type of option here has different type of plan. It depends on the mobile network company. Among all Plan, the most expensive is monthly Plan, which is different for different mobile Company. Another plan is a pick plan that gives us maximum use of the internet with your device.
Suppose that reliance gives a monthly Unlimited Plan at a price of 1300 rupees for one month. You use a 15 GB as high. But in the case Of Airtel Mobile Company, They have a Fixed monthly unlimited plan for 1199 Rupees with a Maximum use of 10 GB.
The mostly Cellular phone company makes a package for Mobile user in India. You need to pay an extra cash for using a net plan on your mobile phone other than your regular calling Plan. There are lots of mobile plans for an Internet. Every plan contains some amount of GB uses or uses in MB. That Depend what Plan You Choose for your Mobile phone.
Introduction.
In a year, 1902 the first modern air conditioner system was developed. The name of the developer was Willis Haviland Carrier. First of all, Willis considered warm air and then pass it through a chilled pipe. When the air tries to pass through the pipe air cooled down. Warm air contains or carries more moisture than cooler air. Thus, this process reduces the moisture in the air. This gives the rise of a new technology that is an air conditioner. After that Willis release that he was very near to an invention that was very useful in a future of human since made the hot summer region a cool place to live in a comfortable way and without humidity.
The real process in an Air conditioner is that it reduces the air temperature with the help of a very simple principle that is discussed in a later article. The process of an air conditioner is very similar to your refrigerator which you use as a home appliance. The air conditioner is somehow different from a refrigerator as it has not a something other like a cool box but the wall of your room play that role as it keeps the cool air inside the room and forces the warm air to push outside the room to your house.
Air Conditioner basics.
Refrigeration is the process by which air conditioner keeps the air inside the room cool. There is a law that when a liquid is converted into a gas it, nature is to take the heat. This process is called phase conversation. Air conditioner uses this process and some of the chemical to evaporate and condense again and again repeating this process every time in a closed coil.
Air conditioner uses a compound that is known as refrigerant it function is to enable it at a very low temperature. The air conditioner has a fan its functions is to produce warm or hot air over the cold coils. When the fan gives hot air then refrigerant absorbs this heat and changes the liquid into a gaseous state. For the regular use of cooling the air conditioner need to convert a gas produced by the refrigerant into a liquid form.
In what way air conditioner changes the gas into the liquid.
Inside the Air conditioner, there is a compressor that keeps the gas under the extreme pressure. In that process, it creates a heat that has no work. This extra heat produces by the compressor in that process is removed outside with the help of a coil also known as a condensed coil. By this process, the gas becomes cool and then converted into the liquid. This process is repeated again and again.
Now we understand that in the air conditioner, two things happen very frequently first is that the refrigerant is keeping the air conditioner cool, and then a compressor converts gas into the liquid.
Various parts of the air conditioner
The major function of the air conditioner is to keep the room-temperature cool and free from humidity. It has a two process just take air inside and throw the hot air outside.
Important part of the air conditioner is as follows:
- 1.Evaporator : Its function is to take the refrigerant in a liquid form.
2. Condenser : It pays focus on heat transfer.
3. Expansion value : it's a function regulates the refrigerant flow into the evaporator.
4. Compressor : Its function is to compress the refrigerant and convert into the liquid.
The evaporator and the fan are placed at the cold side of the air conditioner. Its function is to produce warm air over the cool coil and give cold air outside. The condenser and the compressor are placed on the warm side of the air conditioner, and it removes the heat outside of the air conditioner through a coil. Expansion Valve is placed in between the two coils present in an air conditioner. A compressor is a type of a very large pump that pressurizes the refrigerant and converts the gas into a liquid. Besides of the Evaporator, Condenser, Expansion Valve and the Compressor there are a Timer, Sensors and valve.
Windows air Conditioner has all the main parts that are mounted in a small metal box. The larger air conditioner has something different working. There is an exterior condensing unit in big Hotels, Malls, Banks, and Big Building . These exterior condensing units is placed around the outside into the building.
A Window Air Conditioner.
When you see a window Air conditioner is quite small but it to give cool air. The major part of a Window air Conditioner is as follows:
1. Compressor
2. Expansion valve
3. Hot Coil on the outside
4. Cool Coil inside the Conditioner
5. Two Fans
6. Control Unit
When you look for the bigger type of air conditioner then you must consider a Split System unit. In the Split Air Conditioner, there are a separate hot side and cold side. One is placed inside the room, and another is placed outside the room on the roof. The cold side of the air conditioner contains the Expansion valve and the cold coil. It is generally kept in a furnace or other air handler. The hot side is placed outside the house is known as condensing unit.
A unit that contains a long, spiral coil shape like a cylinder. There is a fan inside the coil. It gives the air passing through the coil along with a Compressor. This type of thing produces a very fewer amounts of noise and having a less cost it is the use of a common house now a day. There is no more difference between the Window air conditioner, and the Split air conditioner except that the two part hot, and cold parts are placed in a different position.
When we consider a larger building, Malls the split-system are facing some problem such as the distance from the pipe between the condenser, and the air handlers are much farther than each other or the amount of duct work, and the length of ducts becomes difficult to manage it. From that point, it is a good practice to have a chilled-water system.
Chilled-water and Cooling-tower AC Units.
Some of the air conditioner uses the water as a cooling process. An air conditioner that uses water as a cooling process is chilled water air conditioning and the cooling tower air conditioner.
Chilled water air conditioner - In a chilled-water air conditioner the total part of that air conditioner is installed on the roof of the building or backward of the house. Its function is to cool water at a range of temperatures that between 40 and 45 degrees Fahrenheit or 4.5 and 7.4 degrees in Celsius. Now the cold water that is chilled outside the building is supplied inside the building air handlers through a pipe which is connected between the air handlers inside and outside part of the air conditioner that is installed on the roof or backward of the building. This is a type of a system where the water pipe is acted as an evaporator coil in a standard air conditioner.
Cooling tower air conditioner – as we discuss earlier that all the air-conditioning use air for the purpose that it scatters heat from the compressor coils but when we consider a large system, a cooling tower is used in that system. The function of the tower is to create a large stream of cold water that passes through the heat exchanger, and help in keeping the hot condenser coils cool. Now the tower blow air that is passing through a stream of water and made it to evaporate after that evaporation cools the stream of water. One of the major disadvantages in that type of system is that it needs water regular basic because water is evaporated during this process and there may be a lack of water in that system. The right or accurate amount of cooling that this type of air-conditioning system gets from a cooling tower it totally depends on the relative humidity present in the air and the barometric pressure.
BTU and EER.
Today many of the air conditioners have their own capacity, and this capacity is rated in a British thermal unit (BTU). A Btu is defined as the amount of heat necessary that is required to raise the temperature of air conditioner around 1 pound that is an equal to 0.45 kilograms of water and that is a temperature of 1 degree Fahrenheit, and that is equal to a temperature of 0.54 degrees in Celsius. Now how much is one BTU it is equal to 1,055 joules. During the term of a heating and cooling 1 ton equals 12,000 BTU.
When we consider a typical window air conditioner system, it is rated is equal to 10,000 Btu. For Example, of an area around a house a typical house with a 2,000 square foot that is very equal to 186.20 square meters having a BTU of 60000 BTU that is five tons. With that we may know that 1 square foot requires 30 BTU. All these are rough estimates for your understanding if you want an accurate size, then you need to contact an HVAC contractor.
EER is also termed as an energy-efficiency rating of a typical air conditioner and its EER is taken by its Btu rating over its watts.
Let us take an example of an Air Conditioner of 10000 BTU that consumes a watt of 1200 watts its EER is 8.3 how it comes lets us see.
BTU = 10000
Watts =1200
EER = BTU/Watts
EER = 10000
Watts = 1200
EER = 10000/1200
EER = 8.3
This clearly proves that High EER is very good, but it is too costly common people are not able to hold that much cost.
Let us, we give you an option to choose one of the things listed below:
One has the EER value such as 8.3, and it consumes 1200 watts and the other has an EER value such as 10, and it consumes a 1000 watts and the difference in the price is around 120 dollars.
First of all, you have to determine that how much and how many hours you are going to use that Air Conditioner and how many watts it consumes in that period of use and what is the cost of the KWH in your surroundings where you use that Air Conditioner.
You assume that the you are going to use eight hours of time in one day and continue for a three month for a year, and it cost nearly a 0.12 dollar per KWH.
Suppose that the difference in the consumption of energy between the two air conditioner is around 225 watts.
Let us calculate for a month with a 30 day.
3 Months * 30 days per month * 8 hours in a per day = 630 hours
Hours = 630
Watts = 250
Rate = 0.12 dollars
Total Cost = Hours * watts/1000 watts/kilowatt * dollar0.12 per hour.
Total cost = 630*250/1000 *0. 12
Total Cost = 15.20 dollars
This clearly proves that the air conditioner with a more cost and expensive are easy to operate with a less money.
Energy Efficient Cooling Systems
Due to the continuously growing costs of electricity bill just like a rocket and people are more educated toward the environmental problem most of the people prefer to take a cooling tool that saves there over the growing electricity bill and also good for the environment. Now a day the company that produce high-class air conditioner that consumes more energy, they stop that type of cooling system even they give major priority to the energy-efficient cooling system as this type of system is a major public demand.
An ice cooling system is a very good process to save a large amount of money, and they consume energy but this type of system is only limited to the people who have lots of money because this system is too costly, and it has some limitation to rich people only. There is a way by which general people like us save money on energy charge by installing a system which is known as geothermic heating and cooling system. According to the Agency of Environmental protection, they declare the geothermal system the most efficient in the field of energy saving, and it is also good for the environment.
Getting a Google Ad sense account is not an easy task, especially in India. With the increasing fraud in the ad clicks, Google has made the approval policy much stricter in India and China. According to Google, in India to sign up for Google Ad sense account:
Your account should be at least 6 months old.
The content in your web site should be of high quality and legitimate.
The website should be able to attract high traffic as the advertisers would not be willing to pay to a site having low traffic.
The content should not be copied from any other site and must be unique.
There are lot many clauses to all the above points. So even if you fulfill all the compliances, you may not be able to get your account approved. Google has become a bit apprehensive in approving accounts in India. The reason being, of course, so many fraudulent activities occurred. People would click on their own sites and adapt unauthentic means for generating revenue.
However there are other ways in which the budding writers/blogger may start their career without having to bother much about the Google Ad sense account. There are few sites which does not require the Google Ad sense account to get paid or the Google Ad sense account gets approved easily if your sign up through their site.
Some of these sites include:
Boddunan.com: This is the indigenous site which pays you as according to the quality of your content and not on the traffic that you attract. So as and when your articles gets reviewed approved, the amount you earned for an article is reflected in the Earnings section of your account. You can earn upto 100 INR per article depending on the quality of the content. There are some other ways too through which you can increase your revenue i.e by participating in forums, polls, Revenue sharing program, etc. However, make sure that you provide good content which will improve both the revenue of the site as well as your own self. You need to sign up and create an account to get registered with the site.
Indyarocks.com: This is India’s biggest social networking site. With millions of registered members, this site was more popularized when they offered the approval of Google Ad sense account in just 3-4 days. However, they have certain criteria to be fulfilled before you sign up for the Google Ad sense account. The criteria’s are:
You should have a profile picture and should be at least 50% complete.
You should have uploaded atleast 10 picture through your profile.
You should have written atleast 2 blogs.
Your profile privacy should be set as “everyone”.
Once you fulfill the above criteria, you may apply for the Google Ad sense account and it is likely that your account gets approved. However, personally speaking, write atleast 10 blogs and wait for a week when you register for this site. After that you may sign up for Google Ad sense account, which will ensure that get a sure shot approval. The good thing about this site is that they give 100% sharing. . You need to sign up and create an account to get registered with the site.
India Study Channel: This is one of the genuine site for writers who could provide good and quality content. The idea behind this site is “Learn to Earn, Earn to learn”. You generally provide articles related to education. However there are some other sections where you can contribute as jobs, forums, etc. You get your credits instantly and promptly and there are no scams involved. You need to sign up and create an account to get registered with the site.
Hubpages.com : This is one of the blogging site that attracts a huge traffic. So signing up for Hubpages is another good option. There are many Indian bloggers on this site who are earning good amount through their writing. However, you would need to sign up for Google Ad sense account in order to start earning the revenues. But the chances are much better that your Google Ad sense account will get approved.
So, Go Ahead and Start earning!
With the emergence of the iPad, apps, Android Smartphones and the introduction of 4G networks, the year 2011 marked a beginning of an important trend in mobile computing.
Since the mobile phone industry is the ever growing industry due to the rapid development of telecommunications market all over the world. With the vigorous growth in mobile phone manufacturers, mobile subscriptions and service providers across the country, mobile phones, which used to be luxury gadgets and only affordable amongst wealthier people, have readily been available to every individual at very competitive and affordable prices.
It has become difficult for desktop and laptop industry to keep pace with the latest development in the industry. The innovation and level of competition in trends of mobile phones have profoundly affected the desktop and laptop industry. These phones are more and easily accessible as compared to computers and others. It appears to be quiet shuttering that desktop browsing has become extinct.
What has changed is simple: It has made us unplugged.
One of the biggest trends in the world of mobiles is that of the multipurpose phone which gives you feeling like having a cell phone, digital camera, MP3 player and above all Internet capabilities with a quick browser all in one.
There are many phones that now have QWERTY keyboards and scaled down Intel processors that allow the users to not only check e-mail, but also read and write Microsoft Office documents.
Mobile companies are now making more money whereas desktop and laptop manufacturers have fallen short. Newer trends like the evolution of 4G, app markets, iPhone, Tablet PCs are helping mobile phones in finding much more marketplace share.
So here we have a question; what mobile phone industry is up-to in coming years?
Forecasts illustrate how the market is set to change. With the fastest growing handset segment of GPS, 3G & WiMAX, and Android enabled devices the picture is likely to change soon.
Increasing mobile service providers are catalyzing handset sale in India and creating a new class of Superphones which is leading to our next trend.
Looking further into the future of mobile devices, we get a glimpse of having the world in our palm. I believe the time has come to put the personal computer; this includes desktops, notebooks, and mini notebooks to rest. The transition may take a little more time but eventually the majority of us will not use a PC.
law: the latest career in big demand
The way Internet use is going-up the demand for cyber law experts is going up in the same ratio. The way internet is becoming a tool for cyber crimes in almost every country, the need of cyber law experts is growing by the day. The cyber law is required even in developing countries where internet is in its primary stages and not yet fully in reach of most of the population. To get rid of the cyber crimes and to look after the needs of the users there is an ever-growing demand of the cyber law experts.
Keeping this in mind, many colleges are coming up with specialization courses in cyber law along with law courses and separately. As every one knows that Indians are masters as far as information-technology is concerned but they are not experts in cyber crimes and related laws. Therefore, let us expect that in the coming days when we shall be more dependent on computers and more internet related crimes would be taking place we shall need more such experts who could handle them easily. We must expect a growing demand of experts of ethical hacking and cyber crime experts in a very near future.
About cyber crime
There is a universal law that governs the cyber space in the whole of the world. The same rules are applicable everywhere to tackle the cyber crimes all over the world. When some one tries to harass any one or tries to do some thing against the rules as in the real world, they call it cyber bullying. As we understand that almost up to fifty percent people may face this problem in some way or the other. According to physiologists, the impact of the same is worse than manhandling and physical beating. Therefore, the role of a cyber law expert is going to be all the more important.
The cyber criminal are finding new methods every day to fool people who loose their data and secrets due to the tactics these criminals adopt to make users share there secrets with them. They are making them to believe that they are the original websites and make them believe to steal their entire data to use their accounts and money.
The cyber experts
The courses would teach the law, IT professionals, security auditors, banking, insurance and other related professionals to learn about new rules related to cyber crimes, control on phishing, hacking, control on virus, theft of internet accounts and other allied ability to handle tools which could keep control on such crimes. Besides, they shall have an aptitude to know the practical knowledge of such criminals as well.
Cyber crime control experts shall be the people who would come from the fields of law, information technology, management and accounts but the best among them would be the ones who have already studied law and have mastery over the internet with computer science as additional qualification. There are many short and long-term courses already preparing experts in this field who are ready to take over the exceeding demand by the day. I am sure that our country shall be self-sufficient soon in this field soon with its vast force of expert men-power in law and computer field.
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