Introduction:

The computer is one of the most important findings in Information Technology. In olden days for each and everything man has to strive hard and achieved things with great difficulty besides spending a very large time in every single field. Therefore, he worked hard and find out a solution by inventing machines, particularly the “COMPUTER”. By this gradually he found out ways and means to reduce his burden and living peacefully without much strain and hard work. This has led him to the invention of Robot, which has occupied a major role in all the fields, especially in medical line. It is a wonder to say that robots attend surgical operations successfully, which has reduced major burden of the surgeons. For every single thing even a common man has now practiced to operate the computers which have greatly helped to reduce the man power and strain. If we want to say particularly by sitting in a chair, we can bring the world before us without roaming the place to place.  For remitting the dues for electric consumption, etc., it is now-a -days very easy by doing it from the computers without the wandering place to place, which has rendered a great amount of savings of time and energy.

We can boldly say that no house is left out without the use of a computer. It is quite necessary for every single person to know the operation of the computer, even if he is either old or unable. The people will generally laugh if one says that he does not know about a computer, and hence it is a compulsory one to know about the computer and its usage.

It is therefore, quite necessary to detail the different kinds of computers and about their usage and also about their fast development with updating. There are two kinds of computers in use now-a-days. They are Desktop, Laptop.

It is essential to describe about their usage so that every common man will be able to understand their working process and attend his work through them without much strain and pain.

The advantages of Desktop computer:

• Up-gradation is quite easy.
• The usage of Battery is not necessary.
• Comparison of prices with a laptop it is lesser.
• It is easy to find out the faults in parts as they were separately fixed.
• When compared to laptop in regard to speed and performance, it is quicker.

It is also to bring out the disadvantages of the use of Desktop.

• The occupation of the machines will take much space.
• It is not handy to transfer from place to place.

The advantages of a Laptop computer:

• Just like a suitcase it can be carried easily everywhere.
• It can be used even at the time of power cuts by using the battery fixed in it.
• If it is fixed with wireless modem, we can connect the Internet anywhere.
• Even for getting service for the faults it is easy to carry to the workstation without strain.
• Laptop will be released only after the quality checkup. 

So also the disadvantages in regard to this system are narrated below:

• Its usage is largely spoken of that it affects the genetic problems of both men and women hence it is so serious.
• The heat production during its operation will be felt physically.
• As the fixation of the parts in the laptop is closed to one another, there are vast chances for other parts being affected if one is damaged.
• There are chances of their being stolen away as it is easy to carry by anybody at any time during their transit by us.
• Overcharged will lead to their busting and damage.
• Besides the huge price of the parts, it is at times very difficult to get them in the market.

The next question before us is to decide ourselves about the selection and purchase either branded machine or the assembled one.

Advantages of the purchase of the Branded Computer:

• We will get the warranty for the period specified by the company.
• We can get a chance of technical support from the company whenever it is needed.
• It will be loaded with the operating system free of cost.

Disadvantages of the purchase of the Branded Computer:

• We cannot purchase it as per our requirements, and the change as to our choice will cost more.
• For our option of change of the operating system, we have to bear the unnecessary expenditure.
• We have to approach only the manufacturer for any defaults occurred within the warranty period.
• Though we believe the machine is a branded one actually during its manufacture several parts are purchased and assembled by the name of the company. They are selling the machine with high price for their branded name in the market.

The advantages in regard to assembled PC:

• Price will be lesser, even if we provide the parts of our choice comparing with branded one.
• There is a chance to upgrade with the suitable parts whenever we require it.
• Unlike the branded one there is a separate period of warranty for every single part.

The Disadvantages in regard to assembled PC:

• For every single change of parts we have to approach the concerned manufacturer.
• We will not get a branded name for our computer.
• At times it will become difficult to get the parts required parts as they would be out of market.

Note:  In regard to purchase of laptop it is better to purchase from the branded company as it is being checked up before its release.

Parts of a Personal computer:

Front panel sides – Power switch, CDROM, Floppy disk, USB port, Sound card.

Back panel sides – SMPS, FAN. 

Motherboard - PCI, RAM Slots, HDMI, USB, VGA, Printer, Keyboard, Mouse, LAN ports.

Components: Processor, FAN, resistor, capacitor, inductor, diode, IC, Heat Sink, South bridge, CMOS Battery.

Things to know in selecting a good personal computer:

Processor:

Selection will be based on processor speed, and it mentioned in GHZ.

Architecture – Price change depends upon architecture (Ex: Dual core, i3, i7...)

Cache mentioned in that will be in MB. The number increases performance will better.

FSB speeds – 533 MHz to 1600 MHz.

Market leaders: Intel, AMD.

RAM: It depends upon Operating system and requirements. (Minimum 1 GB required to support modern technologies)

Separate PCI slot for VGA card is good. Motherboards are now built in VGA card.

Hard Drive Capacity: 40GB to TB, Speed: 4200-15000 rpm, Interface: SATA.

USB ports – USB 2.0, 3.0

When you switch on the power button, the bios will make a self-test, called power on a self-test. This check is to find out the working condition of the hardware components such as CPU, RAM,I/O Devices. After this process is completed the next thing is the exhibition of MBR (Master Boot Record) in the boot loader. The next thing is the verification by the MBR in the first hard disk track0, sector1 location, and it will load the operating system which is called booting. If it is succeeded the next course of operation will start the operating system.

Fault finding in the computer:

First of all, it is to be found out where the fault occurs that is whether the issue in hardware or software.  If it is related to software, we can rectify a defect by using a search engine.  If the problem is related to hardware and a minor one, we could solve it otherwise it is better to approach a hardware expert.

Software-related problems:

• Operating system-related problems.
• Problems arose by the faulty installation by us.
• Problems relating to the existence of virus in the computer.

The methods of rectifying the defects connected with the hardware by the experts are narrated below:

• Look out the power supply to the computer.
• Check up, whether the bios gets loaded.
• Check up, whether there is any loose connection in the parts.
• Verify defects in various parts fixed in the personal computer.
• Motherboard spoiled due to voltage problems.
• They will try to see that any parts are to be changed in the motherboard.

Maintaining a computer:

• The formation of the dust is to be avoided and kept cleanly.
• Unwanted files and cookies should be deleted.
• Removal of unnecessary icons from the desktop.
• Uninstall the unnecessary software from your PC.
• We should run antivirus software at least once in a week.
• We should update the virus software regularly.

Follow the steps to run the system securely over the Internet:

• Install secured antivirus software.
• Browsers should be updated periodically.
• Use the ad blocker option in the browser to avoid unnecessary ad’s display.
• Operating systems should be updated.
• Install the best firewall software to protect from intruders.
• For online transactions use https site.

Conclusion:

Now-a-days, it is quite essential to have a computer in every single house to let the works completed in seconds with accuracy. There is no need to walk in roads for carrying our daily routine and get the works completed by sitting in the chair. 

Every machine will be in order only if it is properly maintained. It is better to check up the electric connection, particularly the earth connection in the area of the house in which the computer is to be put up so that we can avoid the electricity shock. It is also better to get the computer to off position whenever it is not used so that we can save the world from global warming.

For the last more than three years, I have been using a laptop. It was in the last month that we got a new LCD TV for our family. It was time to switch over to a new one. But that sparked an idea in my mind. The thought of looking at a 32" TV screen was thrilling for me as it was the first time for me. But what was more exciting was the fact that I will be viewing the TV screen as my laptop screen.

However, I had to go through some technicalities and it wasn't certainly a walk in the park for me. The first thing is that I am not acquainted with any kind of hardware to solve the problem on my own. However, I got a VGA cable from my vendor from where I had purchased my laptop after contacting him. Things were not easy and there were some practical problems as it was the first time I was attempting something like this.

When I connected my laptop to the TV, I viewed the normal laptop screen like a TV screen. That was the beginning. However, in the excitement, I forgot asking him how I would switch off the laptop screen and run the TV screen only. After all, running two screens simultaneously wasn’t going to be wise enough, isn’t it? This thing was new to my laptop vendor as well and that put me in a fix.

I searched the web to get some answers and was looking for some possibilities. The thing that really disturbed me was a plain “no” from the vendor who told me that I will have to keep both screens running. But my mind was not ready to accept this fact. Keeping two screens on was against any kind of logic. So, I tried ‘investigating’ the matter on the Internet.

I scoured for the answers on various web sites. I tried putting the entire query in the search box to get the most suitable answer. But either the answers were for Mac or for different versions of Windows. I wanted the solution for Windows XP. Finally, I decided to put my question on a forum that I regularly visit. I was confident of getting some answers there.

So, what did I do to solve my problem?

The first thing I would like to mention is that the intention of writing this article is, if there are people around who are looking for solution to similar query, my experience and this article would be of great help to them all. They won't have to waste time hopping around.

1. I connected my laptop to the TV screen through the VGA cable.
2. Then I opened the Control Panel --> Power Settings.
3. Here, I navigated to the "Advanced" tab. There is a list of "Power Buttons". 
4. I chose the first one - When I close the lid of my portable computer -- and there are some options to choose from.
5. I selected 'Do Nothing' and clicked on 'Ok'.
6. After that I checked if closing the lid made any difference or not. It worked fine for me.

I hope these steps will help someone in need.

The problem that is related to our laptop is not very difficult to solve it. Such a laptop problem is known as a Troubleshooting. At first look it is a hard task to identify the actual problem related to the laptop. Such short problem of troubleshooting can solve by yourself. There is no need of any computer expert.

Some of the process related to the troubleshooting.

A. Due to Presence of Virus

First of all you have to see if the problem is due to the action of any virus or not. You must install a good antivirus program for your laptop. This may solve all problems related to virus of any kind. Your antivirus must be updated version. If there is an updated version of antivirus installed on your system then start a scan of your total system. By scanning your laptop you can easily understand the problem if it is caused due to the presence of any virus or any kinds of spyware. Many people use free version antivirus. It cannot remove all kinds of virus. Must have a licensed antivirus for proper action against antivirus.  There is also a scan software that scan online. There is no need to install it on your laptop. If not having a Software program then use such online software. 

B. Due to the Power

After dealing with a virus the next step is to deal with a power. First of all make sure that the laptop is in charging mode. Many times your laptop faces many problems that are generated due to the faults charging of your battery. When the battery becomes old it contains a less amount of the charge. To solve such type of problem related to the battery. You must use a new battery and check whether it is properly charged or not. If a problem is due to the old battery then that problem is resolved here. 

C. Due to the hard disk drive

After testing your battery the most suspected reason is your hard disk that is in your old laptop. This can be tested by using a diagnostics utility device. This can check the performance your old hard disk drive. It totally depends on you to test your hard disk drive by using a Windows or  through a BIOS. With the help of this Diagnostics utility software you can easily check various functions related to your hard disk drive. The best part of using this software is that you can test your hard disk drive by windows and then proceed to System Utility.

D. A problem caused due to the Mouse and keyboard

Sometimes the problem arises by your keyboard and a Mouse. To test such a problem use nay keyboard and mouse that is connected to your laptop with the help of external port. When you connect your external devices to your laptop then you can easily find the weather a problem that is arising is due to the keyboard or a track pad.

E. A Problem is due to the Display

If you are thinking that the problem is due the display of your laptop.The best idea is that connect an External Monitor to your laptop by using a port given for that. By using this idea you can also check the problem related to Resolution, Color and the Better display of your laptop. In every laptop there is a port that is made for connecting the external monitor.This port is well known as an HDMI port as well as VGA port.

F. A Problem is caused due to the Operating System

After checking all above things. You cannot find any sorts of problem. This is because the problem is in your Operating system.   The best idea is that you can restore your laptop. If the problem is due to O.S then it will resolve. Many laptop companies provide such type of restoring facility such as EC2 provided by HCL. Use such facility to resolve a problem.   If there is any problem caused by your registry then it will repair all sorts of problems. Restore can also repair the file that is Damaged due to the attack of any harmful virus.

If the problem is not solved till now then called a Computer Expert. They solve your all type of problem related to your laptop.Many times the problem is very small it can be solved by using a Troubleshooting technique. You must Keep patience at that time.  By using a technique like troubleshooting you are going to save a Thousand of rupees and your important time.

 

Keyboard and Mouse are the most important tools from our computer system. Aren’t they? Without them it is very hard to workout. Yes there are few experts who can handle computer without them also but for normal users it is very hard. When we get any of this devices damaged, we have to face lots of troubles because of that.

But do you know we can operate Mouse with Keyboard and Keyboard with Mouse. Yes it is possible. With this way, we can make other device as alternative for that damaged device. It is not the permanent solution but temporary it will work great for you. Let’s see how can we do that??

Alternative of Keyboard using Mouse:

You can use this trick when your keyboard is not working or when some of particular keys on that keyboard are not working. This will be solved your purpose for temporary.

Just follow this path: Start Menu -> All Programs -> Accessories -> Easy of Access -> On-Screen Keyboard
(Or type in search ‘On-Screen Keyboard’, you will get it directly in search result)

By opening this program you will get the virtual keyboard on your screen. With the help of this program, you can type anything using your mouse. Surely you will not be able to type as fast in compare to normal keyboard, but in urgent condition it is the great alternative. Surely it can be helpful to you on emergency time.
Now let’s move towards the alternative of Mouse.

Alternative of Mouse using Keyboard:

Now many of you should have faced this kind of problem. USB mouse is not working and it is very hard to use computer with those short cut keys. But with help of this trick it will be more easy to use mouse cursor with help of the keyboard.
Just Press the Left Alt + Left Shift + Num Lock from your keyboard. You will get the window with the question ‘Do you want to turn on Mouse Key’. Press Yes.

Now you will notice new ICON with the mouse image in the bottom right corner near your computer clock. This means it is on now. Now just make sure that your Num Lock is on. If it is on you will able to move your mouse cursor with help of below button from your number pad.

4 = Move Left
8 = Move Up
6 = Move Right
2 = Move Down
5 = Mouse Left Click
- (minus) = Change 5 button to Mouse right click
/ = Change 5 button to again Mouse left click

So just remember these numbers, so that you can move mouse cursor more efficiently. Using these keys from the Number pad of the keyboard you can easily move mouse cursor without mouse even.

Now to increase the arrow speed or to change other settings, follow this path. Go to Control Panel -> Easy of Access Center -> Make the mouse easier to use -> Set up Mouse Keys.

You can change all settings related to this trick from the window you get by following above path. Now let me tell you again, with this trick you will not able to work as well as you do with mouse itself. But still it can be work out well in emergency work for time being.

So this is it. Yes these tricks are not that efficient as the original one. But they can be helpful in emergency cases when one of those device not working. During that time it can be really life saver. And also it is good knowledge/trick to keep in mind. ;)