Introduction: 

We have been hearing in news, discussions, movies and commercials for the last two decades about a new term namely “nano”. It might have repercussions for unimaginable smallness of a tentative insight into the natural world with a concept that is yet to be verified but that if true would explain a possible alternative theologian who believes that the “Scripture prophecies of the Apocalypse” (the Book of Revelation). “Nanomaterials” are those tangible substance of the physical object that can be reworked into a finished product which has structured artifact that can be separated from or attached to a system which is a part of the physical structure with wide lesser to 100nm. 

What is nanotechnology? 

Generally, “nano” means small. Most of us never are cognizant of an immense cosmos that could barely exist on such a minuscule atomic level. A bigger world is located in the bounds of small nanotechnology. It is the branch of technology for the time yet to come. The discussions in the field of nanotechnology arouse interest among tech enthusiastic supporter for an intensive skillfulness in the command of fundamentals such as “fountains of youth”, “elixir of life”, “harbinger of death”, “end of mankind”. “Nanotechnology” is all about physically thrusting down to immeasurably small atomic level which is a bit of atomic idea about existence of whole life therein. “Nano” is difficult to perceive by sight as you cannot touch on the point. How to manufacture a product that cannot be touched, seen and felt? Will this end intimation of coercion of fear installed via detectors? 

Will we even remain as living human beings distinguished by superior intelligence, articulate talking and of erect carriage? I imagine “nanobots” created out of nanotechnologies, proceeding hurriedly inside wounded parts of human body metamorphosing entirely to the visual aspect of “cybernetic organism” of a human being whose body has been taken over in part by electromagnetic devices consist of nanotechnology. I shall try to answer all of these uncertainties about the truth more through the course of this article. After going through this writing, reader can form a critical opinion of whether nanotechnology is a boon to people or bane to their lives. 

How nanotechnology got out is a mystery? 

Nanotechnology has colossal possibilities of a tentative insight into the natural world of a viable alternative to the manifold meaning attached to the events that exist anywhere. Nanotechnology is the control and reflex of vaguely specified matter of a nano scale. These applications are similar to apps of smart phones which are third party computer codecs which can run within mobile-operating system. Applications which come out from “nanotechnology” are called “cyborgs”. They work within the human body considering it as one such natural operating-system. This creates the problem, whether after implementing all these apps on the human body, the basic nature of what human still remains unique? 

What is unique is that matters in the state of solid, liquid and gas can present different prominent attributes in a distinctive way than it is in accordance with scientific laws when these physical matters collegiate with the relative magnitude of “nano scale”. It begs to differ from essential attributes of tangible substance made of natural and synthetic artifacts. “Nanotechnology” changes unique attributes of solid, liquid and gaseous substances through implementation of natural chemical balance of “nano scale”. “Nano science” is popularly called as “nanotechnology”. One “nanometre” (nm) is 1/1,000,000,000 meter. Just imagine, a “nanometre” is the one billionth of a meter, and how tiny it could possibly be and how could such a large world of living structures circulating all around inside it, no one could ever imagine. 

Nano particles: 

It is a promiscuous virtue for scientists to observe extremely minuscule world of “nanotechnology”. High powered magnifier unable to show what is going inside nano-atoms. It is the specialized device attached with these high density microscopes, which enable scientists to observe movements inside outer three dimensional boundaries of atomic surface of “nanotechnology”. According to quantum theory of physics properties such as freezing point (the temperature below which a liquid turns into solid), visible radiation (light emitted during the absorption of radiation of some invisible wave length), electrical conductivity, magnetic permeable (the property of something that can be pervaded by osmosis or diffusion) changes according to atomic-structure. 

Do we need nanotechnology? 

We need nanotechnology in almost every sphere of our day to day lives. It is of no doubt; it will make our life more assure with ameliorating health care system, through economic resource management practices. Nanotechnology will provide point-of-care testing through the lab-on-a-chip drug applications. Small “cyborgs“ will be infused into blood cells to detect the exact nature of tumors. Fighter “cyborgs” will be infused into blood cells to disinfect and kill exact cells of blood-cancer. “Nano shells” will swim across the body to react to cancer cells to cure those cells within days. DNA mapping of new born babies can be done while they are inside mother’s womb thus removing many such unimaginable diseases before they grow inside toddler’s body. There are many more possibilities of future successes with “nano medicines”. It converts from one to the other. The main problem with resources is that it tends to become zero in times of need and it creates a void when one needs the most. 

Nanotechnology can revive available resources and optimize its utilization to the maximum level. Engine of cars will be lighter thus more horse power can be easily incorporated into it without compromising heat and weight factor of engines. With the advent of “quantum dots” in ambiance factors of lighting, voluminous factors as well as less energy actors gain prominent roles in dealing with energy consumption. Nanotechnology can be utilized in each and every sphere of life with full capacity. This technology will make superior and inexpensive solar cells. It will provide efficient low cost water purification technologies that will produce cleaner water for poor and developing countries. The main worries of people near the sea side are the availability of sweet water. Most of the waters are saline and cannot be used by human as well as cannot be utilized for crops. The desalinization of water is expensive, as the machinery costs are higher and the maintenance of it higher than the cost of machines. With the installation of nanotechnology the cost of desalinization machines will be cheaper. Thus through these machines sea water can be converted to sweet waters and can be used for humans and crops. 

Nanotechnology for military war room strategies: 

Nanotechnology will produce smart weapons powered by lightweight mechanisms to create superior arsenals for military departments. It will reduce weight of tankers, fighter jets, body armors and temporary bridges to a meager minimum capacity. Smart weapons and smart bullets can pack one million times powers of marvelous computers inside tiny spaces. It does not require the chip to function as computer instead it will run through tiny nanotechnology cubes installed within. Nanotechnology will soon revolutionize the world in which it has been seen and felt. All military weapons installed with microscopic chips of nanotechnology will begin to scan its surroundings and report to headquarter about actual time changing situation thus creating a strong sense of war-room strategies to deal with enemies. The most important part of nanotechnology makes it cheaper and tiny and most of the times can be viewed or felt with dull senses. With the use of nanotechnology varying size of allaying of metals can be formed. Aluminum can be converted into “nano-aluminum” with nanotechnology to fit into nuclear and hydrogen bombs to have precise accretion while during a strike at location. This will reduce collateral damage and friendly fire. 

Quantum cryptography: 

Nanotechnology can be used for peaceable purposes. Chemical sensors builds with these technologies can find precise information of where chemical weapons are hoarded and where imminent chemical strike will be going to make and in this way, by using unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) installed with chemical sensors powered with nanotechnology can detect from a distance the traces of chemical weapons and thus a full scale chemical and biological wars can be throttled in the middle. In this way path-breaking real time situation analysis could be done without any such difficulty permutations and combinations. Today computer chips are made of “lithography” and the cells are done with “stone writing”. Efforts are on to produce high memory cells with lesser spaces so that the weight of the computer will never ever be heavier. With increase of memory more and more functions can be efficiently done. Servers can be smoothly run with trillions of gigabytes-spaces. With the advent of “quantum cryptography” powered by nanotechnology, memory capacity of the hard drive could be enhanced to an astronomical level yet the physical size of the hard drive becomes smaller due to tiny size of “nano cubes”. The same technology will be applied to build “quantum computers” of smaller in size but with astronomical size of memory could create a new wave of computing devices that can fit with any such third party application with ease. 

Diamond fibers: 

Today, most airplanes are made of metals mostly of aluminum, which is strong but has some weight. This compromises the construction of engines owing to weight factor, as it is evident from aero-dynamical designs definite restriction of weight need to be maintained in order to aircraft fly smoothly. Diamonds are the strongest and the lightest material that can be utilized with aeroplanes but sadly the cost and availability of diamonds compel manufacturers to use aluminum instead of diamonds. Nanotechnology will convert small atoms of diamonds into large “diamond fibers” to use with aeroplanes converts to make it light 50 times than that of current weight made of aluminum fibers. “Diamond fibers” made from nanotechnology will reduce the weight of aeroplanes. It will reduce the cost of travel in space as to pay the cost of travel in space is very costly due to high cost of materials used in space-voyages. Nanotechnology in a surprising manner will reduce the cost of space voyages and materials and soon many common people will afford for space-travel. It is all in probability, of reaching to distant destinations of the universe starting from Mars. 

Through the study of primeval people and cultures through their material remains, it goes on show existence of nanotechnology in ancient times. In the ancient times, it was certainly not called as nanotechnology, but evidence of products received from excavation of archaeological department proves the existence of such science in ancient times. Dichroic glass of British Museum of London dates back to the Roman age. Dichroic is a pleochroism of a crystal so that it exhibits two different colors when viewed from two distinct directions. It has “nano particles” of gold and silver with a mixture with properties between those of a solution and fine suspension. Due to presence of colloidal gold and silver, traversing light creates translucent red color from its original opaque green. This colloidal mixture allows light to pass through diffusely creating a semitransparent object. It is the earliest surviving nanotechnology materials till to date. Some researchers are of opine that it could be a byproduct of accidental creation. Many researchers believe all these were accidental creations. 

Nano particles enabled glass materials: 

In medieval times, glass paintings, drawings show creative work sensitivity and imagination. There are abundant instances of use of nanotechnologies within glass work during these times. Vigorous and animated, stained paintings of large and important churches show the presence of “nano materials” made from rich colors of “nano particles” of gold chlorides and other chlorides and metal-oxides. The sensational appearance which is giving thrilling in effect is only possible due to the use of large scale “nano particles” (tiny in nature and not visible to naked eyes) in designing glass-materials. The significant function is of filtering airs from inside large cathedral as research proves when rays of sun touches nano particles enabled glass materials; it can then demolish airborne contaminated waste matters and erratic changeableness hydro-carbons. 

Father of modern nanotechnology: 

In Abbasid, potters use cosmetic technology through luster-ware which is a metallic sheen produced by adding metallic-oxides to the glaze. It creates the visual property of the poster that shines with reflected light. Abbasid is the ancient name of modern Iraq. It is the mysterious alchemy of silver and copper “nano-particles”. That emits two different shades of color in the sunshine and in shades. In the modern era, the discovery of photography is one of the finest deterrent examples of nanotechnology applied science. Silver is a soft white metallic precious element with a high degree of electrical and thermal conductivity. Light is an electromagnetic with a visual sensation of a physical-object. Michael Faraday, the English physicist and chemist who discovered electromagnetic induction pertaining to magnetism produced by an electric charge in motion are considered father of modern nanotechnology. He prepared first “metallic colloid” by scientific observation from gold. This precious gold colloid is “ruby”. It gives a deep and vivid color with a semitransparent deep red variety of a hard abrasive metal colloid. 

The book is entitled “Of Chemistry, Love and Nanobots” written by Richard E. Smalley forms a mental image of assemblers tiny robots which is a program created with nano particles as hardware programming. Then it is converted into machine language to build things from the smallest component of an element having the chemical and physical properties of the element. He received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for productive insight of “fullerenes”. “Fullerenes” are a form of carbon having a large molecule consisting of an empty cage of sixty or more atoms of carbon. “Fullerenes” discovery leads to some path breaking platforms for easy creation of “nano structures”. All these are not concept, but can become true due to the advent of brilliant nanotechnology which can constitute small “nanobots” self-reliance tiny particles which will have “artificial intelligence” and life. Atoms are small and their restricted circular movements within “nanobots” will not utilize high percentages of energy and this creates absolute possibility of “self-replicating-nanobots”. 

Concept of self-replicating nanobots: 

Slowly the concept of “self-replicating nanobots” can be a possibility in the near future and it is not a myth to create self revived living objects. There are plenty of feasible fantasies associated with “nanotechnology”. It is not a process; humans had to arrange the set of atoms either manually or through mechanized machines in order to arrange “nano particles”. “Nanotechnology” is not an alchemy-process. Alchemy is an automatic-process. In “nanotechnology” one has to completely use his mind and hand to arrange the structure of “nano particles”. There are some schools of thought that “nanotechnology” will make rocket sheets ultimate strength that cannot pass wind force. Rocket sheets made from diamond will create super strong unbreakable rocket-sheets. Diamond can be broken with a high voltage insulated-environment. “Nanotechnology” cannot change the basic chemistry of atoms, when atoms of diamond can be dissolved due to some level of heat, then also sheet made from diamond can also be broken when the same level of temperature comes into contact with those rocket sheets. 

This goes on to prove “nanotechnology” is not full proof, but it can reduce the cost of materials by making similar products from the source product. It is considered a diamond as rarity due to its crystalline carbon value and it takes many years for carbon to become a diamond. Diamond is considered the strongest materials on earth and for this it is always advisable to use it as aeroplanes and rockets sheets. Building rockets out of a diamond is a costly affair as it will add to already sky-rocketing prices of aeroplanes. 

Enemies of nanotechnology: 

Here comes the vitality of “nanotechnology” in a long way. With this technology we could build sheets of diamonds through the process of “construction of nano particles”. Cost of product reduces astronomically as well as sufficient increase of safety parameters of aeroplanes. This technology can easily build diamonds and the cost of production would be less. Diamond consists of carbons. There are numerous asteroids which are scattered around the universe and from there in the future carbons can be imported back into the earth. “Natural radiation” is the number one enemy of nanotechnology. When external energy transmitted inside the human body and rearranges existing atoms of human body cells, disturbances occur and this creates cancer. Similarly, when a object is formed utilizing complicated “nanotechnology” comes under strong sense of radiation from external energy sources which have the power of rearrange already manipulated atoms and if this break of arrangement occurs more than 50 percentages of already constituted atomic structure, then the entire structure of “nano particles” breaks up. 

The second obstruction of creating a strong “nano particles” is the existence of “atom magnet”. Atoms will reach to each other, when they are being separated through a different set of rules of “nanotechnology”. Atoms will pull one another when they are being separated from one another. It is difficult to rearrange atoms in a broader sense as when one atom is placed in one separate chamber; other related atoms will try to pull those atoms into their side through “Van der Walls force”. Secondly, the chemical relationships between two atoms would allow each atom to be rearranged in a certain specified manner and its location cannot be altered in 360 degrees, as due to the presence of chemical bonding, rearrangements of atoms are difficult. None of these constricting forces are noticeable with naked eyes, but these forces restrict rearrangement of atoms when certain principles of “nanotechnology” are applied to these atoms. 

How atoms functions within its mating surfaces: 

We cannot assume real world physical structural practices can be logically necessary consequence for building “nano-particles”. The world of the atom is not exactly the same as the real world. It is a complex structure. Here, one can infer the ball bearing example in order to simplify the understandings of how atoms functions within its mating surfaces. Ball-bearing contains small metal balls and they are placed in a circular path. The metal balls are circular and they are placed with one another and grease are applied in order to reduce friction and all balls stays in tight with each other and thus ball bearing functions as intended. Grease makes the circular path smoother and thus metal balls move with reduced friction. If we build an atomic duplicate copy of ball bearing, we need grease like materials in its mating surfaces. In real world grease are made from graphite. In the atomic world, graphite atoms are very big and it cannot be placed at the mating surfaces of atoms due to its large size. Secondly, matters within atom surfaces behave in a similar texture and characteristics. Even atoms from other matters could not be suitable to smooth mating surfaces within atomic matters. Atoms behave just like photographs, which are covered with particles with consistent textures. The physical laws of atomic matter and the real world are completely different. 

Various research scientists believe differently. They see prospects of vast accumulation of possibilities with “nanotechnology”. What they hate is the advent of limitations of human understandings to limit its thinking boundaries. They feel researchers are comparing real world with atomic matter which is not synonymous with parameters. Both worlds are different from each other, as environment of existence is vastly different. The most difficult part of humanity is its brain, as it tends to comprehend and get pre-conceived ideas of restricting vast possibilities that can be performed with a proper guidance and straight forward blind approach. 

Be the fact that we humans confused a lot? 

Somewhere in the past, people feel that energy is infinite and we can garner and generate more and more energy to satisfy our needs to perform day to day activities. Similarly, there need to be some sort of principle to which atomic matters are residing in its mating surfaces. They are pulled towards each other with van der Wall's forces. What is surprising this force is strong but maintained by neutral atoms arising out from the polarization induced in each set of matters by the presence of additional particles. This force is not autonomous and does not follow any set of rules and these forces are not spontaneous, as it exists in the neutral sense of just reaching for its optimum parameters. Research scientists have to find the rules from within all these available scientific entities, and they have to cross human comprehension beyond its limits and stretch their mind to last stage of elasticity limits in order to find the definite set of rules of atomic matters in which they reside within. 

It seems human brains have limitations. Are we humans confused a lot? Still to date, we have not found the way to cross the cosmos within the shortest feasible time. We are calculating the entire cosmos in the measurement of “light year”. Why we cannot reach beyond the measurement of light? Why there are two contradictory theories of some advance physical structures which are making understanding of the entire cosmos in a macro level as well as atoms in micro level is difficult to think beyond a certain perceptible limits. Many rational thinkers are now supporting “string theory”. In this way, the sheer fallacy associated with human imagination is mitigated with a true sense of ideas in order to find the correct way of atomic mating-surfaces. 

Magnitude

of atoms: 

Many physicists believe atoms reside in ten to 11 dimensions. It is the magnitude of atoms in which objects and individuals can be distinguished. Humans are distinguishable for their three dimensions namely length, breadth and height. Beyond this limit for ordinary humans it is a desolate surface. It is not the end of the road. History suggests when there are no limitations of human comprehension; it can go beyond its limits to reach to the ultimate discovery of hidden theories of physics. With the help of “nanotechnology” humans can go beyond its comprehension. Multiple characteristic of human perception can go beyond its mental concept with the help of “matrix”. It is a computer simulation programming with a rectangular array of expressions of rows and columns, arranged in a singular entity with perceived interstellar substances manipulated according to ground substances. It is the clear materialization of more than three dimensional presentations of a simulated environments within the computer, and after going through details of it, physicists could go beyond imagination to manipulate matters within atomic environment through implementation of “nano particles”. “Matrix” gives simulated ideas of constructing a physical object, and “nanotechnology” presents avenues for building practical possibilities of creating manipulated multi dimensional objects. 

It can be a possibility of some day; scientists will find the capricious law of motion which is influencing chemical bonding within atomic particles. We know there exists the bonding and it is time to go beyond and find out the energy measurement which is holding atoms together. History suggests how great physicists have discovered numerous smart ideas and discoveries that are beyond mortal comprehension. It rectifies human basic instinct which considers what it sees in his senses. Physicists have two tools to reach this ultimate destination. They can visualize any concept through computer simulation of “matrix” and then can reach to conclusive ideas by building objects with “nanotechnology”. If all possibilities are achieved then many mysteries associated with the cosmos which is spreading beyond the life span. Navier-stokes calculation is an approximation calculation of quantity which calculates the motion movements of fluids with a certain room temperature and pressure, but failed to predict the movement of cloud. It creates the designing complex constraints for “nanotechnology” which ultimately seem to stop ever expanding realm of this technology. This obstructs creation for definite movements of fluid atoms from where the ultimate prediction of manipulation of structural changes gives most difficult understandings of structure of “nanotechnology”. So far we have discussed designing constraints of “nanotechnology”. There are many future potential prospects which can bring forth drastic and far reaching changes in the way of information technology (IT), environmental developments, security, medicinal drugs and toiletry designed to beatify the body. 

Nanotechnology gives infinite number of possibilities: 

The biggest challenges of the 21st century will be impending energy crisis all around the world. We have limited natural gases and the challenge is to use energies in an apt and consistent manner in order to find better challenging solutions of the future. They are now quite confident of creating “nano scale-material”. Natural energies will be costlier. Developed countries are marching towards industrialization. Countries like China and India have more industries which require countless energy requirements for continuous development and these demand huge energies. Use of this technology in alternative energy sources such as solar, wind, bio fuels, nuclear fusion and hydrogen bio fuels can contribute to indefinite number of energy sources. 

Efficient utilization of “nanotechnology” in the sphere of medicine is known as “nano medicine”. Most prominent among these are the available cheaper medical diagnostic-equipment. Tiny nano-contrast agents will float through blood streams and will detect the exact state of liver, blood cancers by reaching for tumors to detect its stages. Medical scientists have success in creating “scaffolds” made from “nano tubes” and “nanofibres”. All these artificial tissues, when injected into cancerous liver and blood cells can act like life-streams. It will help immensely to cardiovascular patients by replacing fat tissues with “nano fibers” created through structural-manipulation of atoms. The most important problem attached to treatment of blood cancer is about finding right kind of medicines. Most of the times, the measurement comes from individual approximation of doctors. That is why everywhere physicians talk of early detection and treatment of cancer for successful treatment of disease. “Nano cells” will be injected to affect part and then it will soon float towards these cancerous cells, and then the laser beam will be reflected on “nano cell” and this would excite these and they will shred heat on cancer cells. Then cancerous cells will be burned down and it will give space for newer cells. It will be a boon to cancer patients by giving them hope for a new lease of life. 

Bio molecules similar to exact tissues and fibers: 

Creation of “bio molecules” by medical scientists is a real success in the field of “nanotechnology”. This lead to creating of non-toxic biological tissues that can replace natural tissues, which can solve many difficult diseases such as osteoarthritis, brain stroke and Alzheimer’s. It will create cartilages inside joints and help a person to live a normal and healthy life. Many medical scientists are trying to construct “bio molecules” which can imitate exact living tissues and fibers. Think of successful mobile operating system from Google known as “Android”. It is like turning a mechanical device into a semi-automatic “Humanoid”. Within few decades central nervous system of humans and electronic-devices will be connected. Then, it will be easier to attach “bio molecules” plug-ins into humans. It will work like android eco-system. Thus, human body will become a semi-humanoid operating-system. It will create an easy interface between neurons and electronic devices to conduct nerve impulses from brains. Serious nerve diseases such as Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease and epilepsy can be cured easily. Nanotechnology will be used to create medicines more prognostic, pre-preemptive, personalized, and regenerative. 

Water is indispensable part of life. Clean water is elemental to a good health. Third world countries have been dealing with polluted water problems for extended time due to lack of availability of resources. “Nanotechnology” can ameliorate cleaning of water by getting rid of impurities, prevents the state of water being polluted, clean up dirty waters of underground, lakes and ponds. In these countries, most of health hazards are related to water borne diseases. Climate change, poverty, warring zones and natural hazards makes availability of pure drinking water impossible for people. “Nano particles” can be used to disable chemically tailored particles inside dirty-water. Modern water purifiers have been using active carbon materials to filter impurities. After research it has been found that “multiwall-carbon nano tube” made from “nanotechnology” works better than solid-state-carbon. After doing carbon manipulation through multiwall nano structures, some carbon nano particles act as accelerators of chemical reaction to sterilize harmful chemical components dissolved in water. It can kill bacteria and can be a substitute of chlorine for pure drinking water. 

The aim is to create stylish pliable sheet of tissues that connect water cells with anti-microbiol artifact resembling a material layer of a boundary in a mechanically reflex manner to regulate membrane workings. “Nanotechnology” is a viable strategy of water purification from emerging list of growing pollutants. The principal aim of incorporating “nanotechnology” is to implement satellite treatment systems for specific substance of contaminants through centralized water treatment plants. 

Is this the beginning of death of humanity and freedom? 

The history of computers in the past 20 years has seen profound advance in the field of quantum physics, artificial intelligence and nanotechnology. The future of nanotechnology is almost impossible to predict, the probable power to transform imagination to reality. Some predict “World War III” is the end of the world. Within short specified time, more and more realistic happenings which will surprise the world. The contemporary nuclear preparation is certainly in a state of stealth due to heavy dependence of a nation to the other in preparing assembly of nuclear-fission. There are speculations of a superior competitive advantage over terrorists in guerrilla-warfare. “Hybrid nanotechnology” gives superior advantage to nations over terrorists, but what about terrorists accessing such technology? So, the fear of this technology diminishes when each party of conflict has same identical powers and access to the same level of technology. It seems to suggest the war is not based on availability of nuclear materials, but it is about acquiring supremacy over natural oil and acquisition of rare nuclear raw-material. 

The very notion of “nanotechnology” is to create cheap and convenient products, which can give a smarter way of living standards of the common man. Many weird thinkers can give it to a different direction with absolute modification of atomic structure to have strong evil ammunition that can create havoc and fear around people in general. Bill Gates is very positive with the development of nanotechnology. He predicts within coming 20 years, most of the work will be done with the help of this technology and many “cyborgs” created from cybernetic organism will perform most office-duties. “Cyborgs” are born human beings whose body is taken over by electro-mechanical-devices. The time will tell but now it seems research scientists are agog with expandable possibilities of developments of products from “nanotechnology”. It will create a state of “trans-humanism” which will be the combination of virtual reality, synthetic biology and artificial-intelligence. An absolute and centralized controlled totalitarian authority will take away individual freedom of citizens by converting them to “cyborg” slaves. Through the use of superior “nano devices”, certain races can be annihilated within seconds with precision of the strike through “cyborg” wars and ammunition created with “nano particles”. The ambiguous anxiety towards this technology is going beyond the boundaries risking the existence of humanity through strange and alien notions with a symbol of scientific arrogance arising out of conditions of life of an imaginary place of deprivation, oppression and terror. 

Pigment of imagination: 

Installation of “nano particles” inside humans is the most insidious source of the scourge which will affect the basic existence of human beings. The predication of these mechanical human beings will be entirely different from that of existing human beings. All these are now pigment of imagination but after 20 to 30 years all these imagination will have the cover of reality due to brilliant “nanotechnology”. It should not be like what real world situation is, there ought to be another form of process, through which frictions inside atomic mating surfaces can be reduced to a considerable extent and all these generation of ideas, can lead to a process of different scientific researches which can modify, existing atomic physical process for introduction of “nanotechnology”. 

Exclusive science fiction products can become a reality within 20 years due to the process of structural molecular manufacturing through the process of “nanotechnology”. The preliminary steps are to develop assemblers. Assemblers can be developed through nanoscopic machines. Scientists will need millions of assemblers in order to manufacture structural manufacturing products. These assemblers would manipulate individual atoms and create a modified molecule structure which can work better than its original molecular formations. Each assembler would build another one and the number of assemblers would increase exponentially. All these run with an object known as nano gear, which works in assembly to constitute a single object. It creates coherence among different parts of molecules. Trillions of molecular structures are still residing in the tiny place which cannot be seen with eyes. This gives adequate space for building a super nano structures. In this way, objects can be used in different technology with single installation. Through these processes, cheaper products can be manufactured. With all these structural manipulation, replication of any substance such as diamond, water or so can be created and the cost of production is to less than human imagination. 

Airborne nano robots: 

In ancient scriptures, we have read in about sages living for a thousand years. All these are many a times ridiculed by western and eastern rational thinkers. There is every possibility of reversing age loss and increasing life expectancy of people by manipulating cell structures through the process of nanotechnology. This creates ample evidence to suggest that the ancient scriptures have told of evergreen life of sages is true and now scientists within a few decades will soon materialize into reality. Nanotechnology is no longer part of a hazy concept. It works in reality and it modifies the structure of existing cells or molecules or atoms and then it creates nanoscopic machines within a tiny space in order to have complete authorization of machines. It does not create new machines or biological cells, but it modifies existing ones in the manner it can produce its best. More and more practical nano materials in the field of medicines are developing. Nano medicines have power to change appearances of people. It can negate sun burn and can give skin tone additionally recommended to boost in order to save the person from skin cancer. Nano robots made from nanotechnology can be useful in performing the role of surgeons. They can do diagnostic surgery with tolerable precision. In this way, life of humans can be saved in times to come. 

Airborne nano robots could fly easily in the air and they can perform repair of the ozone layer in order to protect the atmosphere. Nanotechnology products are manufactured through reverse engineering processes (bottom-up process). It does not add supplementary products and it is not required huge power plants and plenty of staffs and electricity to run. It creates less pollution. It automates every process such as cutting of trees, drilling inside soil and so on. It rides the task easier. It is cheaper, and works in an expedient manner. While working no such superfluous man-power is a necessity. It makes life easier and it is approachable to the environment. Some experts feel probable application with nanotechnology is mostly illusory and will not be reality in the foreseeable future. If this trend of surpassing of reality of reality continues, it will soon be the same sort of level that of simulated reality once had. Due to the tiny size of nano particles, there is every possibilities of biological nano cells made from nanotechnology could trespass blood-brain barriers. This is a crucial barrier, which protects the brain from harmful materials and bloods transfusing into brain. If biological nano cells enter in to this domain, then it can infect the brain and thus create complications. Biological nano cells are smaller than blood cells and it can easily enter into blood-brain barriers. 

Nano transistors and nano gears: 

In layman’s term, nanotechnology is the study of the formation, structure and ethics of how atoms are created to make bigger structures. Research scientists believe there is a galactic world which is residing around atomic mating environment that it is considered to be. How quantum mechanics works in such infinitesimal level? It is still promoting science. The biggest problem with nanotechnology is implementation of an antithetical set of rules while dealing with atoms. Most of laws failed to imply why atoms pulled each other and from where basic energy requirements come? Diamond as a substance behaves differently from its atoms. Atom of diamond shows different characteristics, but surprisingly when all atoms create a bond to have a matter of the diamond behaves differently. Nanotechnology is all about keeping main characteristics of atoms when they are in quantum scale and when all these atoms are pulled together to construct a different set of matter through trillions of safe generated molecules, it behaves different way and it produces the same matter with cheaper cost of production. The first task is to produce mass scale tiny transistors and nano gears. It will take time produces such nano gears in large scale. We need trillions of nano particles to produce nano matters. Each nano molecules contain nano transistors and nano wires. We need trillions of such nano material to produce a matter.

We can produce diamond with the help of nanotechnology but still to date scientists have been unable to produce micro-processor transistor in order to fit into tiny nano cells. So, till to date it is difficult to produce biological nano cells which have the ability to swim across the blood stream to reach affected parts. How to build tiny microprocessor and nano wires that cannot be visible to naked eyes are the matters which worry scientists till to date. How to build nano microprocessor and nano wires that can be fit into nano atoms? All are not worse what it appears to be as scientists are finding a way out to supersede existing microprocessor technologies and they are examining use of nano gears made from tiny nano atoms. Nanotechnology has huge social concerns. Suppose one day, this technology becomes a reality and we can build any manufacturing devices and products with a click of mouse and then the concerned nano robots will start the manufacturing process of collecting trillions of nano particles and with the help of nano gear the product modification and manipulation process begins. The entire industry will not need such huge man power and huge industrial tools and machines, and this can have a catastrophic effect on careers of countless professionals and daily wage workers. Many employees will be fired, and many families will be affected due to unemployment. If anything can be replicated then, in the long run fake currency will be equally real currencies. 

Would we need any currency for transactions:

Then the role of currency will be completed. With it, the economy of the world will see an accomplish turn around owing to zero value of currencies. Anything can be obtained through the process of replicator and no supplementary resources will be necessary. Would we move towards a completely automated economy? Would we need any currency for transactions? Nanomedicines be set to systematic healing of treatment of total diabetes control. It is a priceless gift to diabetes patients paving their approach for total healing of disease. Nanotechnology will create a “smart delivery” system of glucose inside the human body to regulate flow of glucose inside body. Hormones secreted through pancreas regulates storage of glycogen in the liver which stimulates burning of sugar in cells. Body fuel is stored inside glycogen and it stays stored inside liver and converts into glucose when needed by the body. Nanotechnology replicates work of pancreatic cells which produce insulin. It effectively heals the problem of creation of glucose inside the human body and diabetes is cured totally. 

Nano medicines could one day replace the need for people with diabetes to take medicines. People could consumer sugar again and could live a healthful routine life. It is generally recognized by physicians that ongoing methods of diagnosing diabetes levels are not enough. Advances in the field of nanotechnology may be the solution. Research scientists are promoting a technique to avoid the process of testing of a technique in which the body s entered by an incision. They are creating a prototype of an unforced solvent which can work through the breath which may accurately detect blood sugar levels.  Although more study into this is required. The principal aim is to create ‘smart delivery’ mechanisms for insulin creation. 

Conclusion: 

As a conclusion to this topic, I would say, nanotechnology is a revolutionary new science which may bring science fiction movies in the near future be valid. Nano robots could change entirely the functioning of medical science. It is widely perceived nano medicines may bring down the cost factor associated with medical treatment. Nanomedicines could bring timely diagnosis of diseases. Nanotechnology empowers scientists to manipulate the inner structure of molecules of an object to turn it into more durable object than before. Nanotechnology will provide copious green energy. It can make stronger and lighter wind blades to generate more electricity from wind mills. Soon, people can afford to have their peculiar wind mill at their household. This will reduce the use of electricity and will make abundant energy resources. By using carbon nano tube, the wind blades will be stronger and lighter than traditional wind blades. In the future, this technology will cover a lot of domains. The mystery involving future will end. It gives potential future progresses with a high degree of technology promises.

Introduction:

With the advent of computers and Internet, connecting all around the world through a virtual world becomes easier than never before. With a computer in your living room, and wired or wireless connections, one can connect to the entire world through various applications or social networking services. It has become painless to connect to the entire world with a simple internet connection. Due to large scale connectivity among all computers, the concept of a perfect e-commerce is slowly becoming a reality. E-commerce is not a new subject, it has been there, but during those times, when computers have been sold properties for few persons and internet costs were high and only affluent few can manage it.  With the introduction of mobile broad band my many mobile network providers, Internet availability has become a normal commodity among all subscribers.

Though there is definitely a vast difference of speed among wired and wireless broad bands. Wireless broad band has speed and even wireless wan can run easily with it, on the other hand, with wireless broad band or mobile broad band the connection takes time. Data downloading speed are on the higher side, but the data uploading takes time. Scheduled to wireless in nature. Mobile broadband connects with satellite to send and receive data. For this, the speed of download and upload takes time. Generally, mobile devices take huge amount of time to detect satellite locations and vice versa. However, mobile broad band has become hugely popular due to readily availability and the cost factor associated with it.

Advent of smart phones:

More and more people are now using smart phones. Smart phones are ready for online transactions and it performs more function than mere internet browsing. Smartphone with its wide range of application, able to perform the gigantic amount of online transactions and thus the concept of e commerce has been slowly gaining momentum with these devices. Owing to the advent of large scale of Indian manufacturers, the cost of the smart phone with android enabled operating system is fast becoming more and more popular and common man can afford to have it. Local manufacturers are creating a stringent market field for already established world class hardware manufacturers. Thus, competition gives rise to price decrease and ultimately consumer’s gains immensely from all these competitions.

Owing to competition among mobile operators, the price of Internet packages is constantly reducing and this creates a vast competitive field among people to take advantage and registered for Internet packages. In this way, earlier there was the thought that after so much of efforts from all sides the penetration of computers in rural as well as semi urban areas is not increasing the expected level. The proper e commerce is not able to get its momentum a few years back. So, what has been the change in all these years? It is not the penetration of computers that has been there to increase the level of e commerce, but it is the increase in amount of trendy phone usages, that is empowering more and more people to connect to internet.

Android and rich smart phone experience:

With the advent of Android from Google, people can now have a fully powered and rich smart phone experiences which is similar to computer, and people can now with the help of application able to connect to different transactions which is the sole criterion for a successful e commerce websites. Everywhere, we can see more and more e commerce websites are expanding their scope of business to different spheres, and they are giving advertisements to idiot box and other forms of mediums in order to gain a proper and valid presence in the minds of people.

In simple term, e commerce is nothing but an online market place for people. People can stay at home and order something. The entire transactions are done manually through couriers. With the advent of accurate form of marketing, e commerce companies are now empowering people with on the home delivery payment, return of 100% payment within seven days and so on. People have lesser time to go to market or shopping mall and try to purchase what they like for. Now, with e commerce, one needs a smart phone or a computer and a decent internet connection. A good internet connection is always available with a fair price and with a smart phone one can download the apps of a particular e commerce website and then browse through the apps in order to see the product intend to buy it.

Then, just browse through the categories and choose the product and the product number and then register with that site to order the product. All these come with a speed and you do not have to go out in order to purchase it from outside. It is easy and now you can market and choose the product that you have intended for you and order it and wait for some days in order to receive it at home. Most of e commerce websites are optimized for mobile viewing and most of the products have screen shots with zoom functionalities as well as testimonials from customers who already had this product. As such, the entire stretch is to help the consumer in making the decision of buying easier. Most of e commerce site always try hard to maintain truth as in this arena once the confidence and the faith are lost. Everything is lost.

Low cost prices and word of mouth:

What differentiates the most from additional real shopping mall with e commerce ventures is the presence of low cost prices. Most of e commerce vendors are trying to connect with manufacturers directly and as a consequence they are able to sell the purchase at the factory prices. From word of mouth, people tend to go for certain e commerce websites and in this way after getting the products at lowest available prices. The popularity of such websites rises day by day.

People love to pay online. They hear from friends and relatives how a successful online payment can lead to speedier transactions of money. There are numerous incentives given by the respective banks on online transactions. As such, points are earned and at the end of year. All accumulative points can be converted into a sum which can be used for purchasing of discrete products. Countless e commerce websites are giving away points to consumers after purchasing the products through online transactions. The principal motive behind e commerce is to have paperless transactions. The order is taken and confirmation is received within minutes.

Building customer’s trust:

In the initial stage of development of a new e commerce website, the principal pattern it has to acquire within masses is confidential. It is all about money transactions. A person with a smart phone or a computer, and an Internet connection proves that the person is literate and has plenty of knowledge about money and financial transactions. Most people have a clear idea about how online monetary transactions are performed and what are the pluses and minuses to it. They always have been pretty cautions while dealing with all these pecuniary transactions inside e commerce website. They want to be pretty sure and confident before purchasing something from these portals.

The major part of e commerce website is to create confidence among customers through word of mouth, and building trust by providing excellent products which have been ordered through their Internet portals. As such, trusts created among the customer and the company. The same client is going to be one such word of mouth for your company and will bring many such consumers. This leads to the conclusion the magic of e commerce portals and why people are magically attracted towards all these e commerce websites from all over the world.

The first e commerce site:

The first e commerce site was commenced in 1970s when, a portal was made to send and receive commercial documents electronically. This was done to accelerate the decision making processes. During those times, documents were sending within intranet, the limiting sphere of organization. With due course of time, at the beginning of 1990s, saw the flowering of e commerce sites in the West. It is because of the advent of the Internet as well as within a few years, online banking transactions becomes a reality. This becomes a real playing field for e commerce portals where clients are able to pay through net banking via Internet bytes and get the confirmation of payment all at once.

In India, the year 2000 saw the boost in online transactions and flowering of e commerce website all over India. Within few years, all these dreams could not materialize due to lack of Internet in rural and semi urban areas. During these times, the advent of mobile communication was further and most of mobile charges are on higher sides. Similarly, during these times, the cost of Internet was higher and also many banks have not completed their complete computerization. Without all these, there is difficult for banks to start the Internet banking facilities. Without net banking facilities, online monetary transactions are not possible. E commerce websites depend heavily on internet transactions. During the early part of 2004, when most of profitable e commerce ventures are launched, most of them prefer to have the door delivery payment system in order to get into people inside the realm of business.

Cash on delivery (COD):

Some have been constantly giving advertisement on local newspapers on the product code as well as a phone number to contact. They will send the product within seven days of receiving the orders and then on the door payment system will be done. The same product can be purchased through the e commerce portals, and earn more points by ordering through net banking. Slowly, all these portals are evolving from the stagnant Internet additional zone. They want to embrace all forms of people, is still to date actual farmers have no access to internet.

Farmers used to read local newspapers. Then, many e commerce portals give regular advertisements of their best seller and low cost products with product codes and the phone numbers. Phones are received within seconds, and then the address of the client is noted down properly. After introductions of all these offline measures the span and scope of e commerce websites exponents in vertical as well as horizontal directions. As such, significant structural problems in dealing with budgetary transactions from all walks of life are being solved. With all these innovations, the proper utilization of sensible ideas of getting into smart e commerce portals absolutely for all walks of life is becoming a reality.

The positive user experience:

This is all about increasing customer base. In India, still to date, Internet penetration is not on a higher side. For this an e commerce website to succeed they must target each and every sphere of the masses all around. This leads to innovations and other forms of marketing expertise to succeed. The positive user experiences which can come out from a real broad band Internet with no up or down time speed can give the customer the most satisfying experience. More and more e commerce facilities are now branching upon creating new avenues of business functions. In the earlier times, most of e commerce stores are optimized for dial up internet and not for broad band internet. Now, with the advent of broad band, most of e commerce websites are dealing with gigantic picture suggestions of products as well as they are giving a complete description of each product with suggestions and user reviews.

No private postal operators work here as a single and strong communication system. It is the major worry for e commerce marketers as they have to send the ordered products through couriers or other reliable services. It is difficult to find, a trustworthy courier system and this makes the major hurdle in the distribution system. In these times, most customers had to accept that there is no human interaction while dealing with online transactions. Many a time, due to faulty postal delivery system, many couriers lost on the way. This generates the scope of consumer dissatisfaction.

Fiscal delivery:

The first step to reduce grievances is beginning of sending once more courier in order to replace lost posts. Then, e commerce website owners partners with registered and recognized couriers. As such, door to door delivery of products becomes a reality. In this way, products reach safely to consumers. There is no tampering with product packages. In reality, in order to have full scale launching of e commerce websites, net banking, mobile broad band and a completely trustworthy posting partner are the necessity. With due course of time, India is empowering itself with extraordinary speed internet, net banking and reliable courier system.

Traditional market is running inside India, where, the majority of customers are paying cash while purchasing. Even though there are provisions for credit or debit card payment, but most prefer to purchase through cash payment. During 2000, when e commerce websites boom in the market was there, many customers were willing to pay through debit cards, but all these were not available. Only a few banks were offering debit cards. Nationalized banks had not even started full scale computerization. Full scale computerization would lead to a perfect state and condition for net banking. Limited private banks and some foreign banks have fully computerization facilities, but people were afraid to bring debit cards from these banks as they fear for latent costs could jeopardize their fiscal management.

In-house distribution model:

Within the space of two to three years, top nationalized banks of India began full scale computerization among their institutions and it all started late but finished within a few months. Then, the concept of net banking becomes a reality. It makes the scope for net banking. Debit card with a high degree of security parameters leads it to help a strong and vibrant e commerce websites. When leading nationalized banks introduced net banking. People, who are against risk taking, are slowly changing their minds. Slowly, they enter into the arena of Internet transactions. Owing to the advent of modern day lifestyle, because both spouses are working, and have limited time for shopping, they tend to reach for online e commerce sites to purchase valuable gifts for special occasions.

Indian consumers are fearful of unseen and undiscovered upfront products. In the preliminary e commerce years, there were numerous disturbances in sending and receiving of products. Customers are dissatisfied with the products they receive. “Flipkart” is an e commerce company, which introduces in-house distribution model. It removed bottlenecks of proper distribution management and also misplaced and damaged products when in transit. It controls every segment of distribution, which removes bottlenecks within distribution management.

Lowest price index:

During 1999, Internet subscribers in India are less than three million users. During those times, Silicon Valley’s existed in some metros. “India Plaza” is the first indigenous e commerce virtual-store. It started in 1999. It began selling cds and introduced door to door deliverance of products. Online retailers are today opting for the lowest price index and speedy delivery of quality products at your door step. They are trying to outsmart all possible hurdles by cutting across all delivery channels through the combination of all possible scientific models at its best. With increase of time, people slowly believe some e commerce websites, which have given confidence to them with proper delivery system and exceptional client relationships managements. Slowly, with the opening of offline shops of the same vendor, people begin to believe these companies, which are otherwise in earlier had been considered as alien and faceless entities.

Owing to larger scale computerization among financial institutions, uses of credit and debit cards are on the rise. People are beginning to believe e commerce companies. Companies are now selling more and more lifestyle, fashion as well as superior value electronic products. People are willing to pay more through online monetary transactions. Due to popularity of social networking, people are able to discuss on diverse subjects including e commerce companies. In this approach, word of mouth spreads all across the web. Advent of bloggers led the way for review of these websites. As such, people receive a textbook picture of a polite e commerce company. Now, they can decide to purchase from which companies and leave which companies.

Creation of a new class of e commerce customers:

The Internet is a vast world and people can make a simple Google search in order to find out about the veracity of any e commerce websites. In order to have a proper decision making process, sites have now gone to high resolution images of products with multiple image galleries attached to it. People can browse through all the images and find out the exact replica of the product within e commerce websites. Psychologists believe that pictorial representation of any product, gives ample representation of product information to clients. Recently, some websites are offering high resolution images and videos of products in order to showcase diverse product information.

E commerce companies are beginning to offer lowest prices per day in order raise high sells. This strategy is being questioned by many as this can result in instant growth of the company but does not guarantee long term profits and sustainability among customers.  What is the impact of profitability among companies are remains to be seen. Numerous start ups are now introducing low cost price in order to attract consumers. They offer deals to consumers with a time tag to purchase the product. It generates a new class of customers where they shift loyalty from one e commerce site to the other in order to get maximum benefits in purchases.

Experience lounges:

Nowadays, e commerce is now part of each person’s vocabulary. People are buying plane tickets, bed sheets, saris, purses and other essential products from these websites. A novel form of merchandising in collaboration with e commerce websites is popular. It is known as “experience lounges”. People can try the dress, apparels, and other ornaments at these locations nearby for their homes and then they will return to the Internet and shop for the same products through e commerce websites.

With the introduction of smart phones and tablets, the space for e commerce is expanding. Smart phones and tablets have mobile operating system and it works just like a computer. It gives ample opportunity for users to have a great place to work and also browse their favorite products. With the introduction of apps, smart phone devices can work faster with e commerce websites. Customers from smaller towns can now have speedy access to contemporary as well as other branded products. This fills up the requisite space which is left blank after modernization.

Master of all strategy:

With all around success stories of e commerce ventures, more and more people are entering into this business. You can open a virtual shop with not much of an investment. New entrants are adopting “master of all” strategy in order to stand among many competitors. “Master of all strategy” means selling every product of e commerce platforms. This attracts more and more customers to enter into decision buying processes.

E commerce websites such as “Naaptol dot com” introduced pay as you receive policy. But there are some contradictions to this. It urges users to pay before opening the courier box. Though, it gives seven days to the user to return faulty products in order to receive refund. In remote parts of India, sometimes it would take more than ten days through courier or post to receive the returned products. “Jabong dot com” had surveyed all these faulty principles and had introduced “30 day return” policies as well as “open box delivery” system for the Users.

With all these principles, online virtual stores are building and construction of a bridge of trusts between them and customers. Trusts among consumer and client are an important part of business. While dealing with online business where most of the companies are perceived to be faceless and customers can be reached a situation of “face off”.

One click automated returns:

“Yebhi dot com” is another successful e commerce venture. It has a unique model. It started in 2009 as footwear online franchise. Slowly, it expanded its scope to other categories and expands its business according to customer choices and tastes. This online vendor helps consumer in product installation, services and after sales support. It topples many offline retail vendors after sales services. It employs management graduates in the sales department. It shows the adaptation of professionalism in its sales departments. It has introduced 100 days return policies and “one click automated returns”. It enters into emerging Indian market on the year 2004.

Slowly, e Commerce as a business is generating cut throat competitions among its major players. Every player wants to find out a niche in marketing to create its own space among all these competitions. All these niches within marketing expertise make a major phenomenon for companies to become world champions. “e Bay” has created a space for itself due to the complete eradication of middle men and third party vendors. Of late it has been facing stiff competitions from local vendors due to initialization of “cash on delivery”.

COD- a faithful distribution line:

India is a country, where most of business transactions are done in cash. The reason for this is very well known. When a person does pecuniary transactions with net banking, all the transactions are legal. Most of the people want to transact with cash only in order to avoid being caught by agencies. The reason for this is better known to those people. Soon, most of e commerce vendors realize that the primary reason for people not opting for e commerce transactions is of utilizing net banking facilities. They want to pay it by cash only. Then, they start the concept of “cash on delivery”. People are now happy and most of them are paying the products after receiving them from couriers.

Some experts believe “cash on delivery” (COD) is not a convenient option for payment transactions between customer and merchants. Experienced e commerce companies prefer online payment instead of COD. They feel new companies prefer this option as it is creating a trusted bond between merchant and customer. COD is a very inconvenient option for merchants. They have to establish faithful distribution line in order to receive payment. On the other hand customers do not feel anything insulting with this. COD gives the customer too much of time to change the mind, and they can deny receiving products even at the doorstep. If they do, the entire transactions costs can go up without any such additional profits.

What is the future of e commerce?

On the other hand, COD empowers clients and gives them sufficient time to think and ponder upon purchasing the products. It would take a long period for merchants to receive cash and this reduces the margin of profit. Industry analysts feel instead of seeing negative sides of this, merchants should vouch for constructive sides of e commerce transactions and hoping for a wonderful future ahead of them.

What is the future of e commerce? With advancement of Internet and addition of huge Internet subscribers, people are looking for more and more convenient options. With the addition of newer indigenous e comer merchants, it is expected to grow exponentially. More and more offline retail vendors are now entering into on line e commerce market. This is going to increase competition among existing e commerce merchants. Some merchants are utilizing the traditional idiot box and print media advertisements to reach to the masses. Some additional vendors are depending upon search engine optimization (SEO) methods to increase their presence in the online world.

They feel that e commerce companies should opt for online advertisements instead of reaching for offline masses. E Commerce has been prevalent in most parts of India; it is now in the state of evolution. This shows that e commerce has come of age and it is now in the state of growth. E commerce is offering platforms for small and medium sized towns where the penetration of offline big shopping malls never happens. Countless e commerce web sites are presenting virtual shopping malls to all sections of life.

A stand alone business model:

Owing to economic liberalizations, plentiful job opportunities are created. It also gives way to a prudent life style. With the increase of purchasing power among middling classes of India, they want to purchase more and more modern products. Sadly, the so called mammoth shopping malls are only for bigger cities. E commerce is providing people from smaller towns to shop for high value products. This creates opportunity for merchants to pounce upon this void left over by so called gigantic shopping malls.

E commerce merchants have sensed the opportunity. From a meager air lines ticket booking from the beginning, it has reached to a level of a complete stand-alone business sectors with a strong distribution channel all across India. Experts believe within space of two to three years, most of the business would be drawn through these shopping models. E commerce has grown to become a standalone business models. Offline shopping malls are continuously feeling the rising competition from among online merchants.

Friendly shopping:

Some business models are giving opportunities to clients to sell their second hand products on their platform at fair prices. This is a newer form of e commerce business model. It is one such business model which is actively engaging its clients. E commerce is providing privilege to customer for comparing with different products and then reaches for purchasing decisions. E commerce business models are continuously striving for innovative business models in order to stay prominent among all feathers of society. They have introduced the concept of “friendly shopping”, which empowers users the ability to read and understand product reviews before buying products. Product reviews are similar to “friendly shopping” who will help you to make buying decisions better and stronger.

E commerce merchants are striving for better and faster product delivery to clients, which enables them to retain the thrill and satisfaction of product purchasing. They are trying to reduce delivery time to a minimum in order to touch the satisfaction level of clients. “open box” policy is the latest introduction to e commerce marketing. It empowers users to touch and feel the product before COD “Cash on Delivery”. In earlier times, when people wish to purchase some products, they plan for “weekend shopping” and with family they reach to local marketplace.

Privilege customers:

E commerce is basically a dashboard of all the products, so inventory is not necessary. It directly deals with product handling and shipping. Merchants pick up products directly from the manufacturer and ship it to respective clients. This decreases the cost of product and diminished all third party vendors. So, what is the success mantra for e commerce business? They need to have huge number of “privilege customers” who should be loyal. Modern day business needs huge social networking interaction among its privileged customers. E Commerce vendors should have “Facebook page”, “twitter verified account”, “Google+ verified-account”. New product updates, grievances all should have equal space in these spheres creating a perfect and smoother social interaction.

It enables the merchants as well as customers to interact with each other and engage themselves with various subjects with each other. Some e commerce websites are now dealing with the concept of “specialty stores”. Customers prefer “specialty store” to “generic store”.

Different players are trying hard to find the blank space in the already filled e commerce merchants. The newest trend of collective marketing strategy is face-book Commerce (F-Commerce). Facebook is still to date is a failed marketing platform. Of late twitter is able to find its best selling model, but sadly face book could not materialize its gigantic database and how to utilize in maximizing profits is still not known. “F-commerce” gives access to face-book merchandising, where most of the links are redirecting to original product sites, but some links are real products which can be brought through face book. E commerce vendors are joining “F-commerce” and receive additional exposure to many people’s face book time-line.

Search engine optimization:

There are some negatives associated with “F-commerce” stores. The first is Google will not index those pages which are dealing with any sort of promotional activities. Without indexing from Google, e commerce websites which solely rely on Google search in order to establish their worldwide seems to be losing prominent visibility in virtual world.

Slowly, offline brands are realizing potential attached to e commerce ventures. Many pizza stores insist customers to order online and thus make a relationship of online as well as offline stores. This concept is distinct, but it is one such huge populous theory which centralizes entire business brand into single identifiable units. This concept is known as “single brand crossover”.

It removes barriers of online and offline positions of brands. Brick stores are slowly making cross over to click stores. It reduces the feat of faceless virtual world from customer’s perceptions. Mega offline traditional retailers are easily converting themselves from "the brick" to "the click marketing". “Brick and Click model” enhance trusts among customers as they can complain anything about product theft or bad services for offline vendors.

Secondly, people can reach to offline stores to check and validate of product which they are perceived to be purchasing from online stores. People can search and match with different brands of product online easily than reaching to offline stores and listen to salesman talk. Offline stores are getting huge benefits from these models. Customer satisfaction and customer relationships management can drive more people to stores. While clicking on online stores customers can decide about the product which they are supposedly wishing to buy and can reach at offline stores with product buying decisions.

Brick and click stores:

With the introduction of Click Stores (e commerce sites), brick stores are enhancing their credibility among existing customers. It is no easier to manage offline and online stores. There is a meaningful differentiation among brick and click stores. Companies which are able to bridge the gap between online as well as offline stores can succeed immensely and profound their stay among already established business models.

At the beginning of e commerce (dot com) revolution, analysts predict that offline shopping malls will confront survival problems. With the advent of “brick and click” model, offline stores are continuously striving to enter into the domain of the virtual world and the presence of all the products within e commerce sites is giving visiting customers added advantage of trust and decision making. In the modern world, doing business is not a simple job.
One has to be visible to the entire world. With the presence of the virtual world, more and more unique avenues for promotions are opening for business owners. Social networking is a great place where millions of users from all over the world are sharing their views. With the advent of features such as “retweet”, “plus”. And “likes”.

It is unimaginable to think, when your website is shared and retweeted by millions, how many people can see and read it. According to Internet industry standards, generally, 30 percentages of people would like to click on the link and reach at your website. Even if you are offline vendor, still you can advertise your sites through online without considerable pecuniary investment.

Brand identity:

It is all about making and maximizing followers count. In the recent run up to the assembly elections, for the first time honorable election commissioner (EC) of India have advised candidates to submit their social networking accounts (twitter, face book, Google+) to EC. This goes to show that the virtual world is fast becoming a medium of communication. Industry analysts forecast that soon, it will surpass the influence of automated news channels. The foremost reason for this popularity is the speed with which news is spread across all over the world.

Business merchants can have direct contact with customers and this enables their direct interactions with them and this creates the trust and begins to coordinate relationships among customer and business merchants. This will create a stronger “brand identity” for merchandises. So far, we have discussed exhaustive lists of how e commerce merchants are evolving day by day with smart innovation as well as intelligent capturing niche marketing. Still, there are many scopes for innovative practices, where merchants can try to experiment with this concept.

E Commerce is a nifty concept where one does not need a patent departmental offline stores inside city corner to register its presence. One should always hire for e commerce domain and hosting and then can start a new venture if he/she has a newer concept to attract existing customers and brand loyalists from other competitive e commerce merchants.

Flash sells:

Dell is computer companies which sell personalized computers to consumers. It gives a high degree of hardware customizations to suit the needs of individuals. It gives provision of after sales service as well as supplementary services according to individual taste. It opens the scope for upgrades, if a customer wants to make their computer at any point in time. There are some sites which offer personalized time management, to do lists and other important catalogues which user wants according to its privileges. “Flash sells” are meant for customers who wish to purchase “limited editions”.

Latest incarnation to e commerce shopping models are “fantasy shoppers”. It is a myriad concept in which players play a game, and compete with other contestants in order to cross the hurdles and win deals and coupons over 300 shops. Those shops are really in the locality and by winning deals and coupons, customers can gain, earning opportunities and can earn opportunities to go for “best deal of the day”. It is still a new concept; it attracts many youngsters who are always prone to play computer-games. Industry experts feel that customers are now become more demanding and they want e commerce vendors should look at them as “valuable customers”. It will create “brand loyalty” as well as privileged customers tag will enable them to muster out their choices.

3D secure passwords:

With the advent of internet banking or net banking, which empowers user control over their own bank accounts? They can watch each and every transaction in detail, without going to the respective branches time and again. The logical progression from net banking is to mobile banking. Mobile banking gives opportunity to users for broad scale progression to always on connectivity. With the advent of applications (apps) for numerous mobile stores, it enables the user to connect directly with mobile banking with a single click. It brings much needed portability in payment of separate services and transactions. Major banks have introduced two ways authentication systems with “3D secure password” empower users with additional protection while making financial transactions.

Near field communications (NFC):

All these developed compounding create a constructive environment for e commerce financial transactions. With the addition of new futuristic technology named as “Near field communication” (NFC) which empowers the user for payment of the shake or click of a phone. NFC is in its nascent stage and with due course of time, it will be available in all major smart phones. Now, in India only a few smart phones have NFC enabled. This will be the future of all transactions. It is one of the safest and secure ways for financial transactions. It will take e commerce transactions to a completely new level.

Conclusion:

In the beginning, you have doubts over security of e commerce franchises. This article dealt with a fundamental understanding of how e commerce transactions are comprehended. It is an evolving matter and it will continue to evolve. Knowledge is power and absolute power comes with unconditional responsibility. Do not believe any website if it is unbelievable. Do not shop in haste. Do not shop from insecure websites. Do not use public computers while performing payments to e commerce websites. Do not use a third party application on your smart phone devices. Do not respond to fake calls and do not give your user name and passwords of net banking to anyone.

The Internet is a vast and complicated field having nodes and internodes of computers from all over the world. Data travel and traverse through all these computers before reaching destination. If certain e commerce website is redirecting you while payment to a third party website, then stop the transactions and do not try to log into their website again. One should not be a computer geek to understand all these “safe computing practices”. We as Indians always seek of conveniences and we always feel a difficulty in getting out shopping of e commerce vendors catering to the need of all Indians who wants to buy good products at cheapest possible prices (best deals). E Commerce vendor is the answer to all this and what I need to say more.

Introduction:

Android is the world’s most popular mobile platform (Operating System). It is the largest installed base of software spanning over 190 countries. It has achieved this humongous task within four years of inception. It gives the hub of entertainment in the form of applications, user interface, gaming and coding. Android supports developers with open software development kit and provides them a world class mobile platform to showcase their application to millions of users worldwide. User can use Google Wallet or debit card for application purchasing. Android is based on the Linux open source platform with over 300 hardware, software and phone manufacturers is an associate themselves to build one of the most desirable and committed mobile dashboard.
With many committed worldwide developers from different partners, Android is improving day by day with continuous innovations. Android is removing all complications for developers as it is offering them a single dashboard for application development, and then all these apps can work within diverse hardware specifications with ease and without any such effort from software developers. Android automatically adjusts your apps in separate devices and make it look better in the corresponding graphical user interfaces (GUI).

Why Tablets are very popular:

Tablets are very popular. Mobile phone first started with simple phone functions and then SMS and pager option added into it. Then, comes the plain browsing option and after that due to come off the ability to roam around, more and more people wanted more able to do things into mobile phone devices. Slowly, mobile is turned into a smart phone device with the introduction of push messages, apps, apps store, word processor, cloud-storage, camera and other new and interesting applications.

Apple with its brilliant iPhone product first innovates the touch phone experience, with due course of time from a resistive touch screen to capacitive touch screen has been prevalent in the market. Apple seems to be a pioneer in many aspects of technology. Many believe that the first tablet comes to the market from a reputed company is iPod from Apple. Though many would disagree this but still the way iPod was launched gives the signal to all hardware companies that tablet is another segment which they can now seriously consider.

What is technology?

Technology is a department of marketing in which companies eager to follow each other within no time. With the introduction of iPod and subsequently with its immense popularity, brings the sense to other hardware manufacturers to go for tablets segments. Within three months, most of top smart phone manufacturers have introduced their tablets versions. Suddenly, market is filled with many different variants of the tablets and the customer has many choices. Then, the cheaper tablets segment, and Chinese products with Indian manufacturers.

Tablets are more instinctive than smart phones. Awaited to its bigger interface and smarter touch enabled functionalities. It is convenient to play games, watch movies and browse. The surprising aspect of it is that the technology inside tablets is nothing fresh, but for many years surprisingly the introduction of this device has not been into the market. First is the basic communicative, then the pager and then the smart phone and smart phone enabled devices. Numerous analysts differ from the view that iPad is the first tablet to reach to market. Nonetheless, most of the time, tablets are compared with the benchmark set by Apple iPad. Apple is always known for its innovation and launching of new products.

Why Google buys Motorola?

Apple introduced touch enabled devices for the first time in the market. It is also true that due to Google product and services. The ability to introduce a touch interface becomes a success. With the continuation improvement of Google services as well as its mobile operating system (hence OS), the touch functionality receives a newer. With the introduction of touch and speak sensitive functionality coupled with gesture functions Google Mobile OS android and its apps, have given all the hardware manufacturers an open-hand invitation to build the touch interface devices that would work on multiple hardware platforms.

Google acquired Motorola two years back. Numerous tech enthusiasts would think at that time. It is a move to counter Samsung. Samsung is the biggest manufacturer of Android devices (46 percentages) through its “Galaxy” brands. It has acquired this company to gain expertise on “push notifications. “Push notifications” are meant for accelerating Internet connectivity of Apps.

Mistakes from Microsoft:

Analysts say Microsoft was the first to conceptualize and jump into tablet edition much before Apple’s iPad. For some strange reason Microsoft stopped pushing these devices. Later on Apple introduces their prime brand iPad and suddenly the concept of tablets gains prominence. Blackberry Playbooks reaches to market, though not so much admired but it gives a strong fight to Apple iPad. Amazon Kindle Fire is built with android, and slowly it comes second in the tablet market segment. It is now the highest selling, Android tablet from all hardware manufacturers. More and more original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) are offering cheaper form of tablets to customers.

There are many reasons through for success of tablets. These attributes are the apps, apps store, portability, memory, hardware and software components, loyalty of manufacturer and warranties. Choosing a right smart phone is not an easy task. If you are planning to buy a tablet, you should study all aspects of it and try to compare the devices from separate manufacturers. There is scope for future additional generations tablet devices with augmented reality and hardware independent devices.

The emergence of Android:

Android mobile OS from Google pioneered the movement of free mobile OS for hardware manufacturers. It is not limited to a single hardware manufacturer. It is different from Apple mobile OS in various aspects. Android provides develop friendly environment to hardware manufacturer and they are customizing their products with this mobile OS. The apps ecosystem of android such as “Google Play store” is very popular and it has many popular apps.

Countless such apps are very helpful to tablet users. Tablets are meant for multi tasking. Such apps play a huge role in augmenting the default basic functionalities embedded within tablets. Now, millions of apps, songs, games, books and movies can be downloaded from “Google Play store”. User can download movies and listen to songs by starting Google Play Music. Most of the songs and movies cost is lesser than the market price. Once you have downloaded the songs all will be yours for life time. Tablets give real life experiences.

What is Google Play store?

Google Play is the integrated application marketplace of Android devices. When you create your app, there, your application is visible to millions of users worldwide. As a developer it is easy to get the maximum exposure by building Android apps. Google gives you full support and unstructured as a developer to market your applications. You can market it for all Android devices or go for specific android devices. You can make application free or can charge fees for download. You have complete control over pricing on any supported currencies in any countries of the world. It is one of the best market place where Google is giving the developers their full anticipated enjoying and prepare brilliant application and earn revenue from it.

Google Play gives you the maximum exposure of your applications and according to download rate it gives ranking of your applications. Google publishes its recommended applications within Google Play and it updates from time to time with further suggestions. Most useful applications are listed on it and this gives the application maximum visibility and credibility.  Google counts the number of downloads of application and ranks them according to comparison with other applications.

There are plenty of popular games by Android and most of them can be downloaded from “Google play store”. “Google play store” is an android eco-system of a repository of apps. Each versions of android are named after the sweet-dishes. The latest version of Android is Jelly-Bean.

Acquisition of Android by Google:

Google got Android in 2005. Numerous tech pundits interpreted this as the launching of a new phone from Google. However, Google has other ideas. The main aim of Google is to make easier web browsing experience in which major web services at Google will have an easier time. What is open source popular Linux kernel model to notebook computers, Android is the same as to movable enabled devices such as tablets, smart phones and smart phone enabled devices. The software development kit (SDK) is released by Android empowered hardware manufacturers to build their devices. The Android continuous development adds a new functionality which is making this platform popular. Android is the assimilation of all the features that allows the tablets, smart phones, and smart phone enabled devices to function. The fundamentals of Android include:

• It uses the free and open source Linux kernel.
• Android is utilizing ARM architecture to make energy efficiency.
• Android code library is written in “C”.
• Data mining is written in “SQL Lite”.
• Memory is managed by “DalVik virtual machine”.
• Android apps are built upon “Application Framework layer”.
• Google Play Store forms the bridge between developers and customers.

Open handset alliance (OHA):

Android gives right to open handset alliance. This means all handsets are given equal status. Before android the ROM (read only memories) refers only to RAM components. Android has completely changed this concept. Its developers built OS on the ROM platform so that updated versions can be flashed like random access memory in physical computing environment. When you have a, android smart phone, you will have to sign in with new gmail account for Android activation. All yours contacts, images, videos, notes and apps are synchronized with this google account. It will stay there forever. When you purchase one more trendy phone and signed with the same account, all the apps and information which have been there at the previous phone will automatically transfer to your new device.

Yours stuffs (data) are always available without any wire and synchronization. Android gives rooting capacity to the user. It is a complicated process. User will get administrative privileges to change system settings. The immense strength of Android OS lies with its huge developers and followers; it is also its biggest weakness. Scheduled to this weird numerous developers have been creating malicious apps and other programs in order to gain malicious advantages. Here, apps from third party store are disabled by default. Google screens every apps which is inside of Google play store to secure Android OS. 

Android 4.4:

The single most destructive conclusion Android device can draw upon is it is meant for high end devices. Large chunk of society could not use this device. For this, Google is planning to develop latest incarnation of this OS, code named Kit kat to work not only with high end devices such as Galaxy series of Samsung, but also it is planning to cater to low end devices below 4000 bucks smart phones. If it is true, this is going to be the smartest move ever and with this it will fight be a new competitor to Samsung Bada mobile OS as well as Nokia Asha mobile OS. Android 4.4 will reportedly work wonders with older Android OS at low end smart phone enabled device. It has been optimized to work with 512mb of RAM efficiently so that almost all sections of traveling users can taste the fluidity of this OS.

With this newer version of Android OS, which will preferably adopt by all hardware manufacturer to introduce within tablets and smart phones, will have three newer features on beta (trial run) basis. Those features are geo-magnetic rotation vector, step vector and step counter. All these are advance areas of GPS devices, which will detect your foot movements, step movements inside shopping malls easy, where Internet connectivity as well as Wi Fi signal capacity is abysmally low. It will also sense when you are sleeping inside home. All these innovations are part of Google Map apps by Android OS, where the exact location when you are at home always not detected correctly owing to external factors. With these additions, Google Map apps will be empowered to give more precise information.

Bluetooth access profile:

With Android 4.4, Google will probably introduce “Bluetooth access profile” which is available with Windows 8 and is not there with current Android OS. With this feature, one can play media player on some other device from another device while Bluetooth is on. It is one such part of wireless computing where one can stream songs to various other devices without internet connection. In this way, a song from a smart phone can be played easily in your tablet.
Android does not favor and differentiate between core and third party apps. It treats all apps in its “home” equally. It is mobile OS which is accommodative for all section and segment of hardware manufacturers.

Android has changed the basic tenets of mobile apps. Earlier most of mobile apps are being constructed on the basis of single mobile OS. Suppose one app is created for Nokia Asha mobile OS, the same app cannot work with Samsung Bada mobile OS. With the introduction of Google Play services, which is a depository of all forms of apps, and which can run with any original equipment manufacturer (hence OEM) devices. Now, with android, apps can interact with calendars, schedule, stock exchange updates as well as geo-location services. Multi tasking of apps is there and it can give a perfect dashboard where third party apps is having equal rights, inside Android home. Contemporary barriers are being broken for of apps ecosystems through innovations.
Why Android is the favorite child of malware developers:

In the recent study, malware developers are now trying hard to attack Android mobile OS all over the world. It is cool because it is not being limited to a single hardware manufacturer as well as it does not have built-in anti-malware solution to counter malware attack. Research shows that people are using smart phones and tablets than desktop and laptops. In order to show cause advertisements, adware and malware related companies are trying hard to enter into the domains of smart phone and tablets segments. Their favorite attack place is now with Android devices through apps install. It is always advisable to install one free-anti-malware from Google Play services and time to time scan your devices while connecting with internet. So that both cloud and definition updates will be simultaneously performed.

Most smart phone device users especially, Android users feel that there is no necessity to install any third party ant-imalware as their device will not face any such malware attacks. As per layman, android was first introduced to buyers all over the world in December 22, 2008. It is now five years since its inception and through these years it has seen a sea change and becomes the number one in smart phone and tablets operating system. Android is controlling nearly 80 percentages of market shares and its competitor Apple is controlling measly 13 percentages of market shares. This is the authority with which the android is making waves in all over the world. It is due to open software platform and giving of equal rights to all third party apps.

During those times, when Google acquired Android, which was 22 months old then as mobile OS, at that time the competitors were blackberry, Nokia’s Symbian and Microsoft’s Windows Mobile. Nokia’s Symbian mobile OS was market-leader. Surprisingly, Nokia never optimize Symbian OS for full touch screen functionality which is the main reason for lagging out from emerging Google’s Android mobile OS. Till that time, Microsoft never considered mobile OS as a serious contender for its desktop OS. With due course of time, it realized when Google was eating the market shares of most mobile OS. At that time Google spokes person said: “We acquired Android because of the talented engineers and great technology. ” Google sees the void of mobile OS, which has been left by big desktop OS companies such as Microsoft, Apple.

Software development kit:

Within two years of this acquisition Google introduces the open handset alliance and open source Android mobile OS. Within two years after this introduction, Google slowly reached to the top echelon of mobile OS. But erstwhile Android marketplace now Google Play Store is not free and also not open source. It is an interesting observation as Google deliberately making these apps ecosystems which are being built by third party companies and individuals to obey certain hardware standards so that they can comply with every friendly handset alliance parameters. No one complained about it as ultimately it is the consumer is going to be the winner from among all these measures. Google is able to restrict malwares and other such wasted apps from entering into Google Play services. Google is helping developers with plenty of tools for SDK as well as it is helping them to open their own private shops from where they can sell their developed apps. Google’s motto for Android is “in the hands of everybody”.

Factory reset:

At some point of time, you must be wanting for “factory reset” of Android device. The reason can be of warranty point of view to sell your phone to a third person. You want your data to be preserved from prying eyes of others. First you need to back up contracts, images, notes, apps so that when you buy a new phone, and log in with the same Google user names all apps could be updated and activated easily from there. You can back up data on your SD card, or if you want to format the SD card, then it is better to keep data on your personal computer. From the settings menu, one can find “back up” and “reset”.
Google has only the right of Android Mobile OS; it does not have any such rights with devices and its hardware components.

Google is working with business to business (B2B) in organizations with hardware manufacturers from open hardware alliances. Some ethical enthusiasts say that while using Android devices one has to use an expensive data plan as well as purchase an expensive phone, then why someone would like to spend higher, while purchasing this device. If you do not have such data plan, then it is difficult to activate this device. Android is uploading abundant factors of data to cloud as well as, slowly Google is giving away 25 GB of free storage place to the user through its Google drive. Nonetheless, there is one condition that each image to be set in public before it will be uploaded to drive.

Is Android expensive?

Some theoretical analysts say that although this software is free and open source but it cannot be activated without a data plan. This means the user has to spend money in order to activate it, which is not right though. Satisfied users stress on the point that one can utilize android while not connecting to internet as normal mobile device, and also one can use it as a tablet like playing popular games such as Temple Run2 or fruit Ninza 2. In order to play these game one should not have to connect this device to the Internet. Android phone has “Android device manager”, which is protecting your phone from a distance and if ever it gets stolen or lost, it will block OS and locate the exact location from there and will be sending the details about the device to your registered email.

Physical security of Android:

Android is better in terms of physical security of your phone as well as it is secure from external malware attacks. Every apps residing within “Google Play store” is seriously scrutinized by Google, and bad developers are black listed for life time. Many would agree that Android does not need any antivirus software. But still one can use it and install it from the application store. Google has been actively engaging its engineers to secure its operating system. Of late Google has completely overall the coding system of “Google Play-Store” with “Bouncer” coding.

Few months back Google publishes “Android Device Manager” to all Android users. Earlier, users are installing third party apps for this purpose. There are few antivirus apps which are also offering this service. Now, with the advent of this app, Google is continuously tracking the location of your phone through inbuilt GPS, search location services and Wi-Fi. With the introduction of “Bouncer” programming, through checking of each app is continuously done. It is a premium form of offering security to Android users where Google will be personally overseeing the security of the Android platforms.

There are chances that you might lose your phone amidst busy scheduling while at marriage functions or by local trains. “Android Device Manager” will give you an exact map of your phone where the device is currently lost. It will help you to find out about the exact location of the device. You can remotely “screen lock” It. In the long run, if your phone cannot be recovered, then you can remotely erase all data.

Prevention, control and defend:

You can browse “Android Device Manager” with desktop by pointing a web browser to it. Log in to it with the same Google Mail (Gmail) which you have registered for Android device. From there you will get three options: Ring, Lock and Erase. Android comes with multi layered security. It is basically consists of three layers such as: Prevent, Control and Defend. “Google Play Store” scans installed apps as well as other apps to prevent viruses. Sandboxing helps to prevent apps from entering into the system-setting. Google is always screening apps from remote and once it is identified dangerous apps can be removed remotely.

Android is a dependable system. “Verify application” function will only work with apps installed from “Google-Play Stores”. With the massive attack on “Google Play”, the premiere Android market place, two years back, it has constituted “bouncer”, the invisible anti-malware from Google. “Bouncer” is a series of steps which Google is taking to protect "Google-Play Store". It is a codename given by Google researchers.

Android sand-boxing:

It gives adequate protection to Android eco-system as Android market place (now Google Play store) is directly connected with an android. If it is affected then malware can directly enter into android device. Google is not employing traditional antivirus modules. Instead it is checking all apps by transferring them into sand-boxing environment (a form of cloud computing) and then it is checking apps from there. The uploaded application is scanned by “bouncer” service for known malware, viruses and trojans. It will examine the behavioral module of application. Then, the app is uploaded to cloud and it has to pass through various simulation of Android device. Multi layered security system is implemented within Google market place. According to Google, “While it's not possible to prevent bad people from building malware, the most important measurement is whether those bad applications are being installed from Android Market”.

Google’s aim is to examine the behavioral patterns of apps inside Android market environment. It does not care whether there is stiff increase of android malware everywhere. By default Android is said to be configured to install apps from “Google Play Store”. Even Samsung phones are not allowed to install apps from its native market store known as “Samsung apps”. If we observe the trend carefully, within two years, since the worst malware attack on Android market place, Google has been secretly implementing strict security measures to make android a safer OS. But Google is focused internally in its own android market place.

Nokia Asha vs. Android Kit Kat:

Google is seeing market scope in low end devices. It has seen competition from Nokia through its “Asha” mobile OS. Nokia’s low end mobile operating system (Nokia Asha) is giving a tough time to the low end Android devices. It has opened the flood gate for device manufacturers and Internet service providers to update old low end device and to configure with the latest Android features. Many hardware manufacturers are happy to see this as they want to ship their low end devices with latest Android OS. This is an area which Google is trying to enter which has been filled up through Nokia Asha Mobile OS and Samsung Guru Mobile OS.

In the past, there were instances when Google has been criticized for ignoring low end devices. Low-end devices consist of low cost smart phones as well as tablets and smart phone enabled devices. The percentages of selling of smart phones are highest in this segment. Developing countries like India, China, Brazil, Russia and South Africa have been the major source of the smart phone market. Here, the emerging middle income groups have the power to purchase. They are trying to purchase multiple smart phones, but they are unable to reach high-end Android devices. Those Android devices which are in the market are of older OS with abysmal graphical user experience (GUI) to say the least. After seeing the void in this segment, Nokia produced low end smart phone operating system (Nokia Asha) and released its product which becomes instant heat in these countries. The core problem of Android OS is its size and efficient memory management.

Project Svelte:

Sometimes, smart phones with 1 GB of RAM (Random Access Memory) are unable to withstand multi tasking. In the next versions of Android (Android Kitkat known as Android 4.4) we can find single cache management, efficient management of services while connecting  internet and proper CPU (Central Processing Unit) core distribution to access the speed and proper memory distribution among different units of operating system. Android also releases a new SDK (Software Development Kit) for developers in which it is easy to preview and debug application in real time and if the preview shows red sign, then the concerned application will be a resource boggy to android. Similarly, if debugging of application shows green sign then it is a lightweight application. In the future, Google will also show memory utilization on its android marketplace (Now Google Play Store) so that users will be warned before installing these resources demanding applications on the device.

Google is now controlling application from third party market places. If some of these applications are showing red while debugging in the cloud, it will automatically shut those applications and gadgets from running on the device. It is another form of implementation of security. If any applications have malware, then naturally it will be resource demanding owing to attack on CPU (Central Processing Unit). Then, it will show red and will be automatically shut down and unintended from the device. This security part is known as “Project svelte” as it will automatically shut down tasking applications from running on the device. It is very safe for a low end device, which is running with one CPU and lesser RAM. The tasking application will be shut down automatically by the OS, in order to prevent DOS attack (Denial of Service attack) and BSOD (Blue Screen of Death).

Mistakes from Apple:

Numerous devices are failing to respond to incompatible update of Apple and some are automatically restarting after definite intervals. This update contains a huge amount of resource usages which legacy OS is unable to cope with it. Apple should have been thinking on the same line as that of Google. Google is stopping updates of its Gingerboard (Android 2.2) to sad end devices as the next version is meant for high end devices. After Android Jelly Bean (Android 4.2) update, Google again rethink about its strategies on the low-end smart phones. So, it is going to release Kitkat (Android 4.4) for the low end as well as high end smart phones and tablets. In this version of Android, there are numerous measures to control and maintain efficient memory utilization. Apple should have thought about it before releasing iOS7 updates to legacy devices.

The limitation with which the OS has to work is the hardware capacity. Every developer from OS to apps should carefully consider this aspect before writing of codes. Slowly, Apple has learnt something from Google and is now introducing the stripped down versions of iOS to its legacy devices. What is worse is that in such situations the owners could not do anything about it at all the problem lies with hardware and the fault is with the company.

Nokia’s mistake of C6 smart phone:

Here, is one such living example of how a decent smart phone becomes out of order owing to the fault of the company. This incident happened two years back, when for the first time I bought Nokia C6, which is running on an older Symbian mobile OS. I was a supporter of Nokia phones and for this I prefer to purchase it instead of android based Samsung devices. I connect to internet with Nokia Suit from my desktop replacement. Sometimes back, Nokia Suit sends the notification of software update. It is almost 200MB, so I had decided to do it during weekends. At that time, the Internet connection is not as fast as it is used to be. Owed to post a remote place. I had to contain with indifferent speed of internet. Nevertheless, entire update was downloaded within eight hours and wasting entire Sunday of me and devoid me from browsing the Internet.

Then, the phone is flashed automatically and restarted and then the installation begins. It took almost ten minutes to complete the installation.
With this updates, there are some new themes and the phone is now more responsive to touch screen. From the application menu, I could find numerous additional applications which were giving me immense pleasure to use this phone. I was completely happy when I see the You Tube apps which is necessary for me to upload videos to my You Tube channel. I thanked Nokia for this update. After few days, problem begins, and the response time of the touch screen and the lagging time of launching of apps, gives me some weird feelings.

At last one day, the phone struck as it is and the home screen becomes still like a dead man. I reached to “Nokia Priority” and after a month time they repaired the phone and returned to me in good shape. They have told that Nokia has mistakenly sent the updates of Symbian OS to devices without examining about hardware efficiency and that update broke the touch screen functionalities of the phone and thus creates all these problems.

App indexing:

Of late application developers have complained about Google that applications are not included inside the Google search engine. Google is the biggest driver of audiences on the web and if it does not include such applications to web search results, then the popularity of such applications could only depend upon offline advertisements. Recently, one app known as “What's app”, a chat on an application from a third party vendor becomes more popular compared to inbuilt Samsung Chaton and Google+ Hangouts. This app runs television commercials on many channels. Due to this more and more users download this application. It becomes the number one in the free application section of “Google Play Services”.

Google is fixing this. With new version of Android (Android 4.4-Kitkat), it is introducing a new feature known as “App indexing” which automatically creates a back link to the Google search. Popular applications are already showing deep linking to Google search. Now every application will have the same facility. This will increase search engine optimization of applications.

The future of mobile computing:

Which mobile operating system is better? So far, Android seems to rule the world. Apple OS could have done better, if it would have been into the low end mobile devices as well as mid level smart phone and tablet market segment. In these segments, the penetration of the Apple OS is meager. It is available in cross platform hardware environments. Android is all about customization, but it is not on an individual basis. But on the basis of different hardware manufacturers. It is always taken time for Android to update as it solely depends upon which of the hardware manufacturer. The backward compatibility also depends upon the manufacturer. Few months back, Android released its updated version. Nevertheless, all hardware manufacturers are not updating their devices in the same month. Samsung took almost two months to release the update.

The future of mobile computing cannot be predicted. It is a fast changing world. In the years to come we can see creation of agile database, cloud server, wireless data management at its peak. Most modern mobile operating system has been using the cloud as the premium source of storage. Android is going in the same way. Its image, video applications are in cloud. One thing is clear; there would not be any such monopoly in the sphere of mobile computing. Android would try to evolve in each passing moment, so as Apple. Smart phones and tablets are going to be vital part of human life. The openness with which Android system is working, enables everyone to download SDK (Software Development Kit) of android and writes an application with it. Google is famous for its simplicity and user friendliness.

If we look at the current Indian scenario, we will be ashamed to observe that more than 10% of Indian population consists of rapists. India has become one of the most unsafe places for women and children in the world. Rape is the most common and brutal crime that is happening against women in India. The recent rape incidents prove that Delhi is not only the capital of India but it also a haven for rapists. The most horrifying aspect of recent rape cases is that most of the victims are girls aged below 10. Statistics prove that there is a 336% growth in child rape cases since 2001 in India. These statistics are based on reported rape incidents but the fact is that a majority of rape cases are not reported. Government had done nothing to curb the growth of this crime. Their soft measures are not going to decrease this heinous crimes against women and children. Even if the government takes extreme measures to punish rapists, then also, what is the use of that justice to a rape victim who has been physically as well as mentally tortured. This enormous growth in rape cases has prompted many companies to come forward with latest hi-tech anti-rape gadgets. The safety of Women and children is not guaranteed in India and if they want to protect themselves, then they have to get armored with these anti-rape gadgets .These gadgets reduces the chance of rape by 95%. In the current situation, caution is the only solution against rape.

Anti-Rape Undergarment

Manisha Mohan and her friends designed an anti-rape underwear which is also called "SHE" (Society Harnessing Equipment). This device comes with dual features. The horrific gang rape of a 23-year-old girl in Delhi in December 2012 was the inspiration behind this gadget. SHE looks like a normal nightgown but it comes with an inbuilt GPS system and an electrical sensor circuit. This device comes with a remote controller and at just the press of a button, the nightgown can trigger 3800 kV of electric shock which can incapacitate the offender for more than 10 minutes. This device not only incapacitates the offender but the inbuilt GPS system also helps to track down the location of the victim by sending emergency messages to the police. The inner area of this device is highly insulated to protect the wearer from shocks through perspiration. This gadget will be launched in the market next year, at an affordable price.

Anti-Molestation Jacket

The concept behind this jacket is similar to that of SHE. The difference between this jacket and SHE is that this is not an undergarment. This gadget triggers a shock of 110 volts to the offender, which is similar to that of a shock received by a stun gun. The shock waves are activated by pressing a button on the waistband. This jacket is also washable. This gadget is available in two variants, a denim and an acrylic variant. This device will be available in the market next year with an price range of below 1500 Rs.

Anti-Rape Watch

A student from Delhi had designed a watch which is capable of incapacitating the offender. The function of this watch is based on the nerve speed and the pulse rate of the wearer. When the offender approaches the wearer, the watch records significant rise in nerve speed and pulse rate of the wearer and asks for an activation command. When the skin of the offender comes in contact with the activated watch, it triggers a shock of 0.1 ampere. This will incapacitate the offender for few minutes so that the victim can flee. This watch also comes with an inbuilt camera which helps to take the images of the offender.

Two Anti-Rape Devices That Should Be Legalized In India

1. Jaap Haumann

Jaap Haumann, a retired anesthetist from South Africa invented a "Killer Tampon" in 2000. This tampon is capable of cutting off a rapist's penis. It looks like any normal tampon with outer core made up of soft plastic. The inner core of this tampon is made up of hard plastic and in a cylindrical shape. This cylindrical core contains spring blades. When this tampon is inserted by the women and the rapist tries to penetrate, the point of his penis comes in contact with the spring blades and a result of which a part of his penis is sliced off. This is an effective gadget against rape but the main disadvantage of this gadget is that penetration must happen to make it effective.

2. Rape-aXe

This is an anti-rape female condom invented by Sonnet Ehlers. Rape aXe, like any other condom consists of a latex sheath. This latex sheath contains razor sharp barbs. This condom is inserted into the vagina like a tampon and when the rapist tries to penetrate, these barbs attach themselves to the penis, causing excruciating pain. Once these barbs get attached to the penis, then it can only be removed through surgery. Thus the rapist will be identified by the hospital staff and they will alert the police. Like Jaap Haumann, penetration must happen to make this condom effective.

If immediate action is not taken to control rapes, then women in India will be forced to wear chastity belts. I don't think that even these belts can save Indian women and children from these perverts. 

Image Source: Wikimedia