DITA (Darwin Information Typing Architecture) is an XML based open standard for authoring, structuring, developing, managing and publishing content. It was actually developed by IBM Corporation in 2000. IBM donated DITA to OASIS (Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards) in March 2004. According to IBM Corporation “The Darwin Information Typing Architecture (DITA) is an XML-based, end-to-end architecture for authoring, producing, and delivering technical information. This architecture consists of a set of design principles for creating "information-typed" modules at a topic level and for using that content in delivery modes such as online help and product support portals on the Web. This document is a roadmap for DITA: what it is and how it applies to technical documentation”.
DITA uses:
Topics: Whatever content we want to publish and develop, is done through the DITA topics. A topic consists of information related to a particular subject. It would guide wholly regarding the specific subject without deviating itself to some other subjects. In short, “A topic is a self-contained unit of Information”.
Basically, DITA consists of three main topics:
Task/ Information Topic: It describes a specific product.
Concept Topic: it describes how a particular product works.
Reference topic: it provides reference information which would be needed while working with the product.
Maps: DITA maps specify which topic should go into which product definition in a hierarchal form.
DITA output format: It processes DITA maps to give the final product.
Some of the features of DITA are:
Task oriented topic: Instead of writing the document as a long plain text, the document could be split into small topics in a structural format.
The DITA map would have links to all the topics formed in a sequential way. This would not only help the customers who will read the product information but it would also ease the work load of technical writers who would need to edit and format the documents before it reaches the customers.
Topic also helps in collaborative authoring i.e. more than one author can work for the development of a single product. The topics could be divided between the authors by working on a specific topic assigned to each one of them. Had it been a single long document, the whole product would have stuck with a single person.
Single Sourcing: It allows the same content to be used in different documents and formats. Thus it saves the labour of writing the documents again and again in different formats. Once an editing is done for a single document, it can be transformed into various other formats by using the automated tools available.
Content reuse: Content reuse saves time and resources of any organization. Topics can be used in different formats, for various products, and in various documents. For example, there are some customers who would want the product information in PDF format; some would want it as an online help resource. So instead of making a document for every single purpose, it can be presented in the way as according to the demand of the customers by using the appropriate tools.
Inheritance: The most importance feature and a reason why is it named Darwin. Similar to Darwin’s theory, DITA inherits its attributes from its parent element. For example, attributes and metadata in a map can be inherited based on the structures in the map. DITA provides an inheritance based method for extending the DTD (document type definition) called specialization. Specialization refers to creating a new element based on an existing one with not many variations.
Conditional processing: It refers to rapid creation of variation for special needs. It allows for filtering and styling contents based on the attributes.
The four basic attributes of DITA provided for most of the elements are:
Product: the product that is the subject of the discussion.
Platform: the platform on which the product is deployed.
Audience: the intended audience of the text
Rev: the revision or draft number of the current document (typically used for flagging only, not for filtering)
Other props: anything else
Advantages of using DITA:
- DITA uses very less number of tags as compared to Doc book.
- As DITA is an XML based file, hence the source file is plain text. Thus they can be used for any editor and on any operating system without causing any change in its format.
- It makes document easy to produce for authors as well as easy to navigate for the users.
- It encourages task oriented, minimal structured writing.
- It is translation friendly; content can be used again and again and in various formats.
SAMSUNG GALAXY TAB 620
The newest tablet pc has arrived it is launched by samsung company "GALAXY TAB 620". Its has a very great attractive look.This tablet pc is overwhelmed with various features in it.
The main feature in it is its not just a tablet pc u can use it as a mobile phone -recive calls, send messages and many more and if u r not having any wi-fi or 3g connection u can use the sevice providers gprs facility in this tablet.It has a 7-inch TFT LCD display which makes it look very smart.this tablet is based on Android operating system with its latest version v3.2(honey comb).It has very latest processor that is 1.2 GHz Dual Core processor that makes the tablet to operate faster.It has all the function of sensor technology such as Accelerometer, Gyro sensor, Proximity sensor, and Digital compass.
Here are all the features and specification:
=>It has 1 Gb of RAM memory which makes it operate faster.
=>It has 16 GB of internal memory so without any hassale download as much as u want and u can also expand it memory by external micro sd card upto 64 GB
=>It has 3 megapixels primary camera with smile detection and Auto focus feature.Photos taken are of full HD quality.It also has a front camera of 2 megapixels for great quality video calling.
=>It has a great battery if you are listening to music continueosly or watching videos then too its battery last for almost 2 days.
=>You can get connected to internet in various ways by WI-FI, 3G, or GPRS which is very great feature and felexible ways to connect to internet and surf.
=>It has GPS feature and google maps and it supports all audio and video formats.
=>It has all the bussiness features in it such as Email, Pushmail, Voice mail, Document Viewer, Document Editor and many more.
=>Its just lite in weight it weigh only 3350 grams.
=>All over it has many more features the best tablet pc by samsung.
First of all the question arises that what is technology.Technology in other sense you can say that any thing that helps us to solve our problem or perform specific task with the help of several tools like our knowledge,tool,machines,techniques etc.The word Technology actually comes from the Greek word ‘technologia’ that means art,skills.It helps us to change the living style and makes our life easier and full of fun. It provide his full effort in increasing the productivity inbussiness.It helps us to makes those work easier which we can’t imagine to do.Technology greatly effect the human life as well as animals life to control and settle in normal environment.But technolgy not always means that is blessing for human being and animal life,when new technology were tested it provide great harm to human life as well as animal species.For example:-Atom bomb became great power and if any country use it then no one can defeat it.But at the time of testing two states were collapsed name ‘Hiroshima’ and ‘Nagasaki’ .
Technology is used since ancient period but the way of using is different.At that time they used stone for igniting and make work easier for them.They uses simple tools that influence there life at large-scale and create contemproary network.They use fire for cooking grains,lightining etc.
They also start working with cooper and bronze and due to this that period is also called Bronze age.
Technology affect greatly in agriculture sectors like In ancient period agriculturing start at lower level and at time they grow grains for their families only.With the help of rivers they start farming in summer seasons and harvest their field with the help of rivers and fullfill the food requirenments of their families.Now days farming is done on large scale .Farmers not only grow food for their family they sell grains and with the help of that grains we are able to survive on this Earth.Now farming is done with latest technology and with the introduction of many machines farmers is capable of growing grains on large scale.
Technology not only means that it is tools,machines .It not only helps to increase production level and make bombs etc.on the contemporary it helps in establishing cities.With the latest technology cities are established at large scale.Now a days there is everything available that makes our work eaiser and helps us to survive.Now days if we suffer with serious helth problem the immediately we call the ambulance and it is available in just few minutes and we went to hospital without any risk.There is several tombs and temples available that uses technology to look best.Now paper is available that helps us to read and makes our country great nad this paper is also a part of technology.
Technology makes our country very strong in term of Military.There are several new weapons that helps our country’s military to face any country.this could be possible with the help of latest technology.Lets go few years back In kargil war .In it our country force uses many fighter plains and jet that only helps our country to remain victrous. Now a day several new rocket were launch that helps us to minimize the distanc eof Earth and Mars.This is technology that proves that in Mars planet there is an existence of life.
Technology made our travel so much easy that we travel housand of kilometeres in an hour.And if we want to go any place then we use our car,motor cycles etc.Previosly transportation system is not so developed and it is difficult to send any commodity from one place to another.But there is several option available that helps us to send an item in few hours.Fax is one of the most important invention, If we want to send any paper we easily send it with the help of fax machines.
Internet is one of the most important technology in present age.it is interrelated computer networks that uses many computers at a time. If we are in other country and our friend,relative in other country we can easily chat with them with the help of internet.We also make video calls with the help of internet for this we have web camera.
The most important technology which is invented is mobile phones with the help of mobile phones we make call across country .Previousally we send letters that takes at least 1 month.But now no need to worry if we want to send message we send in few seconds with the help of mobile phones.If some ones is busy in some work then you can easily send message .
Technology bring great uprising in industrial field.Now days our country has many industry and powerplants that helps country to grow and and make our country developed country as compared to Australia and London.
Is Cloud Computing Advantageous?
What is Cloud computing?
Oracle has taken a decision to sell software via pubic cloud. In other words, Oracle has entered the bandwagon of cloud computing, which has fascinated the modern technological world. What is cloud computing? Cloud computing represents a large conglomeration of various computer technologies put together. One can choose whatever technology one wants to run one’s computer from the Cloud. One need not buy any software, download and store it in one’s computer. Any software can be accessed from the Cloud at any time. The user only pays for his usage. There is no need to obtain license and purchase the whole software. This helps many business people. It saves them time, energy, money and storage space in their vast network of computers.
Hiring a car is advantageous to owning a car
The concept can be explained if you imagine that you want to travel to a place by car. There are two options you have. One is to own a car and travel in it. The other option is to hire a car and travel. The second option is easy to execute. Owning a car involves many hassles. First, you need to spend huge money in buying a car of your choice. You need to spend on maintenance of the car. You need to spend on fuel. You need to pay for insurance, road tax, driver’s salary and other expenses. If the car stops on the way in an isolated area, you need to call the mechanic (if it is night time, you will have to wait till next day morning), wait till he arrives and get the repair done. On the other hand, if you hire a car of your choice, you need not spend a huge sum in buying it. You need not spend on insurance, maintenance, driver’s salary etc. On the way if the car stops, you can simply get down, catch another vehicle and reach home safely without bothering about what happened to the car in which you travelled.
Cloud computing is advantageous to infrequent users
Therefore, it is easier to hire a car and travel instead of owning one. You also have another advantage in this method. You can choose any car of your choice and travel. But if you own a car, you will be confined to it for many years till you decide to change your car. However, for those who frequently travel, owning a car may be cheaper than hiring a car. It all depends on the category you belong to, how frequently you use the car etc. The same principle applies to computer software also. If you are a frequent user of any particular software or a set of softwares, it may be profitable to buy the software, download it into your computer and start using it. On the other hand, if you access different softwares at different points of time, Cloud computing may be advantageous to you. In other words, if you are an infrequent user of softwares, Cloud computing is for you.
How Cloud computing bills are prepared?
In Cloud computing, there are different systems for availing services. You can pay a fixed rent and avail the services of a particular company or software offered by them and use for any time you want. Or you can choose the metering system. In this method, your actual usage will be metered. The time for which you use the software is noted down exactly the same way as your internet usage time is recorded by the internet service provider for billing you. Different softwares have different rates for usage. It is like car hiring. If you hire an Ambassador car, the rate may be low. If you hire a Mercedes Benz, the rate may be very high. For availing internet broadband services, you have different schemes. One scheme offers you limited download capacity for small amount. Another scheme offers you unlimited broadband at much higher cost. Cloud computing billing is also similar to this.
Data storage facilitated
There are other advantages also in Cloud computing. You can store your data in the Cloud for a small additional fee safely. You need not bother about computer disruption or hard disc crash etc. Your data is safely stored in the Cloud and can be accessed at any time. Another advantage is that you can access the data or operate your system from anywhere in the world. Only internet access is required for it. Cloud computing has become a multibillion dollar business in the world. Those who offer the services are trying to woo new clients into their fold and offer discounts for it. Those who avail the services of Cloud computing also have an array of technology to choose from. Botheration of updating their software is also saved. For example, if you own Microsoft Office software which consists of MS Word, MS PowerPoint, MS Access and MS Excel as the basic components, you need to update your version whenever Microsoft comes out with newer versions. But if you are availing the services of MS Office through Cloud Computing, there is no need for you to update the software. It is the duty of the company offering Cloud services to update all their software at their expense.
Cloud computing is not a new concept
Actually speaking, Cloud computing is not an entirely new concept. In fact, Cloud computing has been in existence for many years without the official name it has today. When you open an email account with say Google, you get your email identity as
Hackers look for vital data in the Cloud
Companies are spending millions of dollars as marketing expenses for spreading their wings in the world of Cloud computing. For companies opting to enter into providing Cloud computing services, the task is not easy. They need to concentrate on both their software and hardware. Hardware should be a powerful machine capable of handling millions of data from different sources and storing them securely. If there is any security leakage, customers will fear and withdraw or will not renew their contracts. The company should protect the confidential data from the prongs of the hackers who are ever present in the Internet world to steal other people’s data. If the data is very sensitive, the damage will be all the more severe. Companies also need to rewrite their software programmes in order to tune them to Cloud computing. As long as you work within your office or home and operate some software, you get the results easily without any hitch. But once you are in the cyber world, the same software may not work efficiently or will provide holes in the security, which the merciless hackers will exploit. Hackers are interested in two types of data. First, the company’s confidential data, which they can sell to the competitors and make money, interests them. Secondly they are looking forward to things like credit card numbers, internet passwords, bank account details, email passwords etc.
Is cloud computing safe?
Is Cloud computing fully secure? We cannot assure it at this stage. Recently, services in Cloud computing were disrupted. There were even rumours of attack by the hackers. Therefore, nothing can be safe in this real world. It is for the companies and individuals to take sufficient precautions and protect them from the worst. If your data is too sensitive, do not store it in Cloud. Only a fool will store his credit card number in the Cloud. Therefore, the safety of operations entirely depends in your hands. It is like driving a car on the road. Your safety depends on the precautions you take while driving. Inspite of this, other people’s mistakes can cause an accident and even result in fatality. But that is God’s wish. On your part, you should observe precautions and play according to the rule. Then, you can minimise, not entirely eliminate, catastrophes.
Some of you may be familiar with Google labs and some may not. Anyway, Google labs used to be the play ground for the developers to create new web applications which are fun and useful. Anyway, Google decided to close it’s doors in July this year. Luckily, they are not closing some in-project labs such as Gmail labs. The features Gmail Labs offer are extremely useful and fun. I am discussing some lab projects I’ve been using and which I found helpful.
Activating Gmail labs
First go to the website www.googlelabs.com , then on the right side under the title ‘Other experiments at Google’, click on Gmail labs link. Sign in to your Gmail account (if you haven’t already) you’ll see a list of lab projects available with a short description about each one, ‘Enable’ the features you want to use and don’t forget to click ‘Save Changes’ button located at the bottom of the page. Come back and ‘Disable’ any feature if you didn’t liked it.
Inbox Preview : This isn't much. It just gives a preview of your inbox as it is loading your Gmail account. It may be good for people with low internet speed connections. Though you can click or view an email, you can at least know whether there are any new mails. Anyway, even for people with low internet connection Gmail have a ‘Basic html version’. I use it because it quickly kills our curiosity to find out who have sent us mails lately :)
Undo Send : This is a great option. Though you may not need it most of the times it is a good thing to be ‘Enabled’, just in case. With this option enable you can cancel a mail from being sent while it’s in ‘Sending’ status and even you’ve got the power to ‘Undo’ an email sent within in a few seconds after you’ve send it. As I said you may not need this for most of the time, but if you make a mistake in future you wouldn’t have to regret if you have this thing turned ON.
Authentication icon for verified senders : Currently they have this only with PayPal and eBay. But still, it is a good thing to be enabled since there are so many phishers out there and it would be good if you take an extra precaution. Anyway, don’t trust to this icon alone before you click some important links from those emails!
Background send : This will be extremely useful for users with slow connections. This option let you do other tasks while a mail is sending in the background so that you don’t have sit and stare at the computer until the mails are sent. This is useful especially when you’re accessing web from a PC by connecting you phone with GPRS.
Mail Goggles : This is a pretty cool and interesting app. It’s sort of a CAPTCHA thing. Extremely useful for people who works late nights (or who works after getting drunk or something). Before sending your email you would have to solve some simple math problems so that the computer can know that you’re good to go! With this and ‘undo’ option enabled you won’t have to regret sending false emails in future!
Mark as Read Button : Sometimes, the email subject says it all! With this feature enabled you can just mark any mail ‘Read’ so you don’t have to open them and come back. This is a useful thing, especially if you’ve got lots and lots of unread emails in your account.
Multiple Inboxes : With this feature enabled, you’ll have multiple inboxes. You can your own inbox of ‘starred’ items or any other search term. Didn’t do much for me, you can try it out though!
Right-side chat : Wanna change the layout? Get your chat box to right side. Doesn’t do much, yet who wouldn’t like a change?
NOTE: Google call these features as ‘Crazy Experimental stuff’, so whenever you get some troubles with these lab features, i.e. If a lab feature breaks and you have trouble loading your inbox go to https://mail.google.com/mail/?labs=0 .
Lab is a great collection of useful products. There are lab features available for YouTube and other Google products as well. You might wanna checkout some YouTube lab projects like html5, feather etc. They’re really awesome an I bet you’ll love them.
[ All images prsented above are used for illustrative purpose only, all of them, including the logos, belongs to Google and other respective owners (if any). No copyright infrigment is intended ]
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