Before we start with this topic, we must first know what culture means. Culture has been defined in a number of ways, but most simply, as the learned and shared behavior of a community of interacting human beings. Culture describes what people develop to enable them to adapt to their world, such as language, gestures, tools to enable them to survive and prosper, customs and traditions that define values and organize social interactions, religious beliefs and rituals, and dress, art, and music to make symbolic and aesthetic expressions. Culture determines the practices and beliefs that become associated with an ethnic group and provides its distinctive identity. Every culture is enriched with some good and bad features.
Broadly the world has been classified into the western and the eastern culture. The East-West dichotomy is a sociological concept used to describe perceived differences between Western cultures and the Eastern world. Cultural rather than geographical in division, the boundaries of East and West are not fixed, but vary according to the criteria adopted by individuals using the term.
Aspects of culture
When asked, “what is(or was) that culture like?” one person may respond by telling about the food and the types of sports played, while another may tell about the religion and the types of art works produced. Below is just one way to break the culture of a place down into six individual aspects.
- Government & international relations
- Resources & economics
- Religion & spiritual beliefs
- Learning & technology
- Family life, community & society
- Arts & crafts
Now in this paper we will discuss few aspects that vary widely between the western culture and the Indian culture.
Indian culture and western culture
The culture of India has been shaped by its long history, unique geography, diverse demographics and the absorption of customs, traditions and ideas from some of its neighbors as well as by preserving its ancient heritages, which were formed during the Indus Valley Civilization and evolved further during the Vedic age, rise and decline of Buddhism, Golden age, Muslim conquests and European colonization. India's great diversity of religious practices, languages, customs, and traditions are examples of this unique co-mingling over the past five millennia. The various religions and traditions of India that were created by these amalgamations have influenced other parts of the world too.
On the other side, Western culture is a body of knowledge derived from reason. This foundation of reason has made possible a vast accumulation of understanding related to reality or nature, including human nature. This understanding is represented in several core ideals and values, which include individualism, happiness, rights, capitalism, science and technology. Western culture can also be referred to as advanced culture; this is because its ideas and values promote the development and sustainment of advanced civilization.
Religion & spiritual beliefs
We study different religious faiths in order to understand other people. Many people have strong religious convictions, and it would be impossible to understand them without first understanding their beliefs.
Judaism, Christianity, and Islam are monotheistic faiths practiced by about half of the world’s population. Monotheism refers to the belief in one God. The faiths are often called western religions to distinguish them from the eastern religions practiced primarily in Asia. While western religions are centered on the belief in one God, many believers of eastern religions seek to find enlightenment by looking within themselves. Hinduism and Buddhism are popular faiths in India.
The relationship of India with other religions is integration, whereas the relationship of western towards others is opposition. The uniqueness of Indian culture is its composite and pluralistic nature. In no other part of the world has religious and cultural plurality co-existed and cross-fertilized each other so creatively. While Christians fought their denominational wars in the western hemisphere, Indian Christianity remained free from confessional conflicts and sectarian tensions. Togetherness is the essential character of our way of life. It is this spirit of togetherness that welcomes and blends diverse elements that seem disparate outside of that framework. This mytho-spiritual character of the Indian ethos has never failed to mystify western observers. India is a spiritual-cultural unity-in-diversity that can host the different and the contrary. On the other side, the West degraded religion into a theatre of conflict. The great battle between Christianity and Islam and a thousand battles within Christianity were fought either within Europe or on account of Europe. Christianity, in particular, suffered gross distortions on account of its domestication in the western culture.
The main differences in the beliefs of India and western world are that, in India the belief is “The true key is inside. What is valuable – is the inner world of the human being and his natural ability to control and develop it. The way ahead – is through self-development (inside intervention)”, whereas in western world it is “The main values are success and happiness that can be achieved in different ways, but rarely through developing ones inner strength. The majority of the criteria for success and happiness have outer nature (money, faith, popularity, etc.). The way ahead – is through active outside intervention.”
"Happiness lies in virtuous activity, and perfect happiness lies in the best activity, which is contemplative." – Aristotle
Arts & crafts
I’d like to dwell on one aspect of Western culture that tends to be downplayed, but is quite important: Westerners are the only culture in the history of mankind to develop realistic, faithful depictions of beings and matter in our paintings and sculptures, rather than merely stylized depictions. Westerners are also the only culture to invent a way to depict three-dimensional subjects in a two-dimensional format. A similar perspective was lacking in all other types of early art, be that Chinese or Japanese, Indian, Mesoamerican, African or Middle Eastern. This could conceivably be because the Western man has perceived space and spatial relationships in a different way than other men. Westerners are different, from a very long time back.
The story of Indian art is also the story of the oldest and the most resilient culture on earth. It is seen as an amalgamation of indigenous and outside influences, yet having a unique character and distinctiveness of its own. Indian art is also an art of social, political and religious influences. It changed and evolved with the evolution of a civilization which was full of remarkable innovations in all areas of artistic expression. Indian art features spirals and curvaceous lines, vines and tendrils, round-figured goddesses, circular amulets, colored gemstones, arches and domes, haloed deities, crescent moons, and the globe of the sun. Indian sculptures and paintings depict the diversity, color and spontaneity of this country and are representations of the all-encompassing nature of Indian culture.
Family life, community & society
Family and its values is the key part of Indian culture, which doesn’t exists in western culture. Being in a family, giving love to your loved ones and respect to your elders, is the root of INDIAN culture. Sorry to say, but family doesn’t exist in reality except in terminology, in western culture. Either people have live-in relations or they get divorced, if they are not compatible with each other. So, how could a person in their right mind have mental peace in such an environment, where relationships are breaking every other day. Because of the lack of family values and existence of a family life, people end up doing drugs, crimes etc. Even studies and research also proved that western civilization suffers more from depression and emotional misbalance, than their eastern counter parts.
Below are few major differences that we can easily find between the two societies:
- Westerners place a high value on having fun. This doesn’t mean that they don’t care about serious issues. If they see someone upset, they will often assume that the person wants to be left alone, unless they are good friends. While, Indians tend to value people being concerned about them when they are upset or depressed, if your questions are not welcome, they will indicate it, but will generally appreciate the concern.
- Westerners can become intimate quite quickly in friendships, but that doesn’t mean that they are committed. Commitment takes longer to happen. In the India, commitment is more closely tied to intimacy. There is an expectation that friendship, after a deep talk, will continue at the same level.
- Westerners can have affectionate guy-girl friendships without any romantic interest. Be cautious in assuming a Westerner is romantically interested, even if their behavior appears intimate. If you’re not kissing or holding hands, you’re probably not dating. Indians tend to have a much lower threshold of what is considered a relationship. What Westerners might consider a normal guy-girl friendship can be read as definite interest in the other person. In particular, spending time alone with someone of the opposite sex is a strong sign of interest.
- Westerners tend to be more honest about their skills, and to value a high self-esteem. They are not necessarily being arrogant if they openly admit that they are good at something. Indians are less likely to volunteer their talents. They will wait for someone to ask them to use their skills, rather than jumping in and volunteering them.
- Equality between men and women is valued in the West. To imply that women are weaker, more emotional or that they need protection can be offensive. Chivalry is still alive and well in the India. Many women expect doors to be opened for them, to be served first at dinner, and for help in carrying heavy things.
- Westerners do not take their work as personally as Indians tend to. It is not that they don’t care about their work. They are more relaxed about their jobs. Indians tend to take their work personally. Tromping across their freshly cleaned floor, or showing up late when you are to be working with them can be seen as disrespectful.
Some of the powerful advantage of Indian culture compared to western
- Indian scientists- "saints” researched in nature and developed technology for the betterment of human life. They researched over their discoveries and invention for years and then only distributed it to humans. Scientists of today have become selfish and are running after fame, and wealth.
- Indian culture of respecting elders and learning spirituality and life science gives us a way to live life and not like western people who live like animals- having sex with anyone including sisters, etc. forgetting parents and elders, doing anything they like.
- We have our own form of exercise and medicine that is flawless compared to other science and has no side-effects.
- Sanskrit is the mother of all languages, which is so complex and huge that many things can be described and learnt from it.
Conclusion
Indian culture has given many things to mankind. And it is worth appreciating and thanking it
- Manners like respecting parents, teachers, etc, evolved from Indian culture.
- The aspect of seeing god in all- statues, stones, human, animals.
- It has been also proved that the Indian ceremonial fire- Yagna, gives many benefits to the surroundings like, clean air, peaceful atmosphere, etc.
- Various sciences like arithmetic, geometry, astrology, and astronomy has been studied by Indian saints.
- Surprisingly- none of the facts written in Vedas has yet been proved wrong or incorrect.
I agree the features like caste system, sati, etc are wrong practices. Westerners have a lot to learn from us and we too have some good things to learn from them.
There are huge differences between Indian and western culture. How there is head and tail for a coin there is both positive and negative impact of western culture and Indian Culture. I think both cultures are unique in their own way and equally good. Western culture and Indian culture both have good qualities and bad qualities. We should not think of which culture is better but should take the good qualities of both cultures and put it into use in our life.
References:
The topic never quite got me around to understanding what was really meant till the day am back to Chennai today speaking to one of my Uncle's who have been most instrumental in plugging my life together. Not just my life, he was a professor for physics in St.Stephens (New Delhi), the various students who have passed from under him to achieve not just distinctions but true glory. meeting him at this fragile moment where everybody is reminiscing of the beautiful past days made a tear come to my soulless eyes..
A person who commands respect not just from his peers but from any person even remotely linked with him. A person who I have never seen in the past 22 years as immobile just sitting on the couch for the last few weeks cause of damn 'Cancer'; the pain just won’t let him lie and sleep. And when he put this in his will to add this as law to put mercy killings as legal had his students from top niches of legal department come forth and explain. The actual law followed in the country says that "in case of mercy killing the family of the person is found guilty, for them the feeling is that the person was forced to take the decision".
The government just makes it hard. But for once i agree with them; even though this being a heartless statement for someone who saw the pain in his eyes for the 3+ hours spent with him today am just sorry!!!
There is nothing wrong in legalizing mercy killing. But in a country like ours where every law is misused, chances are that a law legalizing mercy killing will be highly misused. There can be any a loopholes in such a law. Also many a innocent lives would be taken in the name of mercy killing. Mercy killing should be legalized in our country like Netherlands because it would only prevent a person suffering any further. Persons leading a vegetable existence cause misery to their families too. In terms of medicine, mercy killing should be allowed when a person is already brain dead or heart dead and in both the instances the person would only mean a liability to his family bearing the bills of a hospital for an uncertain period of time. Mercy killing should not be legalized because no one has the right to take some ones life. Secondly everyone is born with his share of suffering and euthanasia will only increase it rather than reducing it. people who are suffering from any incurable disease should be allowed to die their natural death rather than mercy killing.
Death is not the solution for any misery or suffering in life, but the attitude, self belief & confidence towards life is the answer for every difficulty. The question here is "whether mercy killing should be legalized", a person should look within himself before answering the above question & ask his own heart-"what is life & what does it mean to him & what he wants from his life". And a real answer of a human heart should be "challenges and difficulties as these things do not let you down but make you competent enough to rise up to the occasion when it calls for."
The legalization for mercy killing is in itself a negative approach towards life, which should not be encouraged, this will lead to a scenario where in any person who is unable or not willing to fight with the conditions & challenges of life would ask for mercy killing. Legally speaking it is true that right to life do not include right to death as per article 21 of the constitution of India, as every right should be looked in a prospective manner & not in a retrospective manner & here the legalization of the mercy killing asks for the same. A person on life support would have died had they not been put on life support, so removing it would simply cause a death that would have happened anyway. If anything, putting someone on life support prolongs their life, so that you can find a way to cure them or to fix whatever is wrong with them. If you can't, and if they're stuck on life support, without brain function, the most humane thing to do is to take them off life support. Of course, it helps when people have living wills and designate loved ones to take such decisions for them, in the event that something like that does happen, and doctors should defer to the patients' wishes in that respect, but as a principle, agree with it. That being said, for terminal illnesses like extremely advanced cancer,the patient has the right to ask for a quick death. A doctor's responsibility is, ultimately, to alleviate a patient's pain. If the patient is alert and knows the consequences of the action, then the doctor should be allowed to give him or her quick death. The only problem is drawing a line between killing a patient who can be cured and killing a patient who would have suffered greatly before dying.
Some people say, "There is a hope if one keeps his or her life going," but you should know there is a case where living itself is torture. In short, we have the right of deciding whether we should live or die, and mercy killing is also one of the ways to carry out our decision. Governments should not prohibit mercy killing. That we give quiet death to a person who holds unbearable suffering and begs for his or her peaceful death is also one form of mercy. A person has to be able to make a conscious decision - that would eliminate others making that decision for you and the lines being blurred.
There here are people who are unable to make a conscious decision for themselves as they may have deteriorated due to brain cancer or something just as horrible. In this case the decision should be made by a group of people, including those closest to the person - not just a few so called experts. But if a person's quality of life has deteriorated and they are in pain and they have to be constantly medicated to relieve that pain and suffering then say Yes.
When a person is terminally ill , mercy killing is one of the best solution that scientists have found out. There are several reasons for this. One that such a patient need not be in a position to explain his/her agony. And the predicament of having to deal with it is rather unwarranted in an age when we are moving towards designing genes for the unborn. I believe that this agony can be averted by using mercy killing. The treatment of a terminally ill patient is rather traumatizing on the emotional as well as financial fronts. I know our society doesn’t see an ill family member as a burden. But practically speaking things are the other way round. And if the patient himself feels so is it any unfair to provide him a solution of mercy killing? There are negative sides also. For example Mercy killing can be misused by people with intentions of inheriting family properties but in all those cases the ethics and the doctor's consent should have a major role to play. The solution to this lies in empowering the doctors to say Yes or No to the practice for a person.
My views:
Mercy Killing is a strange concept. Though it goes against the natural laws still some countries have legalized it.
There are, though, some problems in legalizing things like these. For example -
1. The Constitution of India gives every one Right to life and liberty u/a 21. Now, this means the state only guarantees this right. They are not giving the right because the right has been given to us by nature or God. If they haven't given us the right, they can't take it. So this triggers an academic debate. State is the protector of the right given by nature. How can state direct us to take our lives?
2. In Indian Penal Code, attempt to suicide is an offence and is actually punishable with jail term (I don't recall the section now). If that be so, in case the right is granted to us and someone tries to kill himself he can be booked under IPC and will have to face prison time. Even though no one can be compelled to give incriminating evidence against himself his act and intention will be sufficient evidence to establish the case.
So, we have to amend our Constitution and IPC first and then perhaps we can take this discussing further. Also, if go and start amending the Constitution there comes another problem. The problem is - 'Keshvananda Bharti v Union of India" or the "Basic Structure Case". It can be a very strong argument that Art. 21 is basic structure of Constitution and it can't be tampered with. If that be accepted we can never introduce Mercy Killing in India.
These are some of the academic questions. There are some other practical considerations in a country like India. Power like this will most certainly be misused by people. And there are enough smart lawyers in India to turn Mercy Killing into a defense for Culpable Homicide and Murder.
So, I think before introducing the concept of Mercy Killing - a big debate needs to be started - academic as well as practical.
But in my humble opinion, Mercy Killing should be kept away from our Country.
India as a whole has a weak medical system. Majority of patients die due to negligence and god knows what all reasons. It would be sensible on our part to not compare ourselves with Switzerland and Netherlands cause the amount of funds being diverted to medical grounds in these two countries is beyond us. Practically there is no such thing as 'drawing the line' in our country, although that is exactly how things are being worked out in other nations. Legalizing it is not going to anything but a Legal Excuse, for criminals to get rid of witnesses, for doctors to discharge themselves of negligence and many more things. So until our system is through fighting with the most basic things needed to make a country progress we should keep away from such sensitive issues because India has bigger problems than things like euthanasia.
Fight against what nature gives you??
Don't think this will apply when it’s accompanied by intense pain, debilitation, burden on family and other such factors which make life hell for a person. There is a dentist's gas which when taken in high enough doses kills you in very good manner. As in the person who's inhaled the gas feels very good and high.let us consider a hypothetical case in which Miss X is suffering from aids. It is a suffering endured by nature. The medication is very expensive and unaffordable. Now all she can do is wait for a lingering death which is coming slowly but steadily. I think a better option for her would be voluntary death or mercy killing instead of suffering natural sufferings..
A person thinks of suicide when he loses all his hope to live. We can consider mercy killing also as a particular case of suicidal tendency. Take a hypothetical case of a person 'A' who is affected by a disease which resulted in paralysis of the whole body. Now he has lost his hope to live and requests for a mercy killing. But his state of mind of not to live can be changed by proper counseling or proper care done by his relatives etc
Its a term or a procedure that is availed to the kin of the suffering member to use it.And never has merciful killing been done immediately and the doctors wait on months together with the patients and until and unless the situation beyond a miracle things are administered this way...
Now the second situation is put in where the patients suffering are quite unbearable and no hope at all but to receive a painful and suffering death. I mean the patient is already suffering hell and is waiting for death and believe hope at this point is just too silly and immature until and unless you are the person suffering or the doctor working on that person; Miracles don’t happen; Metaphysics exists but only to explain the past and not the future or the present.
I don’t think that any person in this world has committed that much sin to have such a painful death? Cancer unlike heart attack is suffering from the beginning and it is really quintessential to administer and consider this option of merciful killing when the situation goes beyond repair or imagination.
In my view as a modern cosmopolitan I would like to conclude that the act of merciful killing is for the very essence to end suffering and is very merciful and should be administered with great caution and only when all the options of certain existence or survival is all but lost
Most of us confort ourselves in our own ways. Like when I enter my room I throw the bag at one corner and sit in the sofa with one leg over the arm of the chair. Others have different ways of comforting themselves. Now if we have a design that’s something like white sofas n glass tables all around with all precious items we wouldn’t be free to move about at all. We would have to do everything carefully And formally. Changing our lifestyle itself. So is not important for us to take into aspect the dimension of designing for comfort , lifestyle n other stuff along with the planning n aesthetics.
Life style is a very important issue that has to, has to, be considered. One of my teacher in coll, in one of my earlier semester, was talking about design of the bath room.A person might have a bath standing up, or sitting down or even lying down, coming to think of it.So unless we design it perfectly for them, it'll always be a compromise. we have to Justify our use of our design ideas in their life. if they accept, then we go ahead. If not, we either think of something else, or try more to convince them.
In this world as we are ready to accept the differences, we can’t go away from the reality. Terrorism and Fanatics are reality and you can’t ignore them. You can’t have dream of challenge-free Global world/lifestyle. Your lifestyle is a reflection of your personality, and your personality is the reflection of society around you. It's all interconnected and any vision of Global lifestyle is imperfect without considering those aspect of society.Hypothetically you can have nice dream of Global world/lifestyle. But reality is different. And our problem is we got to stay with the reality. We dont have another choice!!!
We need to have,
- american liberty
- german efficiency
- indian spiritiualism
- french food
- british nothing
- brazilian carnivals
- italian arts
Lifestyle diseases
I've lately been finding quite a few people with lifestyle diseases like hypertension (BP), increased blood sugar, back & neck problems, carpal tunnel syndrome, etc. Especially, we seem to be susceptible to most if not all of these due to the nature of the jobs we do. Are you seeing this pattern?6 pack was also a life style disease! You've to starve, live and work out in near death conditions to get that. But in general what you said is true, we've a lot of those people and the tomorrow’s kids will have a lot of corporal tunnel related issues, thanks to Wifi, Xbox, iphone and facebook games.I have terrible back and neck pain.I think it's lack of physical activity[ jogging, skipping, walking] which is the main problem. 
Only good thing is I have a good control over my food habits. I have a pretty good breakfast oatmeal+1 and a half walnuts, 3 almonds, 2 dry-figs. Lunch is usually light; say 2 chapattis or some pasta or some rasam/curd/sambar+rice and dinner is usually curd rice. I love sprouts and I am made to eat fruits. So that is pretty good, I believe. To Blood problems and sugar problems, many in my family are victims. The increasing diseases is freaky. People literally drop dead.The traditional TamBrahm diet is rice based, no doubt. Eating this is fine if it is also accompanied by the kind of physical work that our elders did. Earlier, idli/dosi/ adai maavu used to be ground in old machine which is now replaced by grinders. All the various spices were ground in a old machine named ammi kallu, which is now replaced by mixie. My very orthodox grandmother ground all the flour at home in a machine. Washing of clothes is now done by a washing machine. I remember, as long as my grandmother was alive, food was cooked only on fuel , certainly a lot more tedious to get going compared to lighting a gas stove, by just the click of a gas lighter. In earlier times, no servants could enter the kitchen and so at the end of the day, the women of the house had to clean the kitchen . All these involved hard physical work. In addition, red or unpolished rice was eaten everyday and only when some guests were expected, white or polished rice was served. Now it is difficult to get unpolished rice which is so much healthier than polished white rice. With changing times, we must also change our eating habits if we want to remain fit by including more chapattis and salads in our diet. We can certainly cut down on fast foods.
Some of the traditional custom like having nellikai pachidi and aathi keerai on dwadashi is now considered to be nutritionally very superior!! Earlier, people walked everywhere. If the distance was long, they would take a bus. Now, even for going short distances, people use their 2 wheelers. No wonder, there is an increase in life style diseases. We have largely brought it on ourselves.Its really pathetic when you see people spending their hard earned money to doctors for curing diseases."Earn early, retire early" has become mantra of today's lifestyle. But, is there quality in lifestyle we are living?spouses have become more of a competitor to another partner rather than complimenting him/her. I dont think food has a major effect on carrying lifestyle disease. Even the best of fitness freak gets these disease because of stress.
One of my company's marketing manager got heart attack and died at an age of 31 (he was so healthy till the last day before he collapsed).Pressure is it really worth getting paid for handling pressure situations? Are we not compromising health for the sake of money?women are hard core materialistic as opposed to men who are loving, giving and so self sacrificing that it makes me want to die of shame .what has materialistic got to do with lifestyle diseases..
Yogas are a great stress buster and veggie is good. but hey most women in India suffer from osteoporosis, slip disc and other bone related issues due to poor calcium intake . vegetarian food unfortunately isn’t the best source of calcium) and protein too (plant protein, except for mushrooms isn’t easily digested by the body as its cellulose bound and isn’t easily digested. so it should be a balance of both.
I’m surprised that women are more prone to lifestyle diseases. over the years the number of women holding stable jobs and earning well has increased greatly. on the other hand they still have to go around with their 'age old responsibilities' like children, cooking, household maintenance and so on.I prefer A life style in which religions do not interfere with governance or culture or any other public sphere but is restricted to a personal communication between individual and God without the mediation of middlemen.
A hobby is essential for relaxation and change in one’s life. In reality a hobby is a change of work which is done for the main purpose of refreshing oneself. It is an interesting pursuit for the sake of getting pleasure in one’s leisure time. Hobby is the pleasant use of the spare time at our disposal. We pursuit it to our amusement and recreation. There is no motive of profits involved in it. Rathar than sports many hobbies are there.
I heard the news, in IAS Exam final interview, “what is your hobby?’ is one of the main questions. Hobby reflects the inner mind of one person. There are different hobbies which different persons pursue. Some like to spend their spare time in reading their favorite books. Some people like to spend their free time in gardening.
Photography is also popular hobby for certain persons. But it is quite an expensive hobby and everyone may not be able to afford it. Fishing and swimming are also good hobbies.
Certain persons also make it their hobby to collect the autographs of eminent persons. I have collected autographs from many musicians. Playing musical instruments is one of the mind blowing hobby.
My favorite’s hobby is gardening. We have a small place attached to our house for gardening. I have developed this open space into a beautiful garden. I am always devoting my free time for the upkeep of my beautiful garden which is very dear to me. I get a sense of joy and pride when I visit my garden in my free time. Using vegetables from my garden for cooking give me great satisfaction.
My hobby is giving me immense pleasure. Whenever I am much tired of my routine work, I just go to my garden and lie there on the green grass in the midst of blooming flowers. The sweet fragrance of the flowers fills my nostrils and feels very active and smart again. My hobby provides me not only pleasure but also a good amount of physical exercise. Hobbies give joy and fun. Hobbies give another dimension of life.
Good manners are the real test of a gentleman. A man is honored in society only if he possesses good manners.
Good manners should be taught from childhood. Children should be taught to respect their parents, teachers and elders. Helping tendency and team spirit are learning qualities in each one's childhood.
Good manners are seen in small acts of life. We should always talk politely to others. We should always say ‘please’ when asking for a thing. We should always say ‘thank you’ after getting thing from another person.
A person of good manners is always honest. He dose not cheat anybody. A person of good manners always speaks the truth he never tells a lie. Every body trusts him.
A person of good manners is always dressed nicely. He wears clean and simple clothes. He is dressed according to the need of time. He behaves the icon of success.
A person of good manners is always punctual. He is never late for his duty. Everyone should always try to have good manners in their life.
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