Handloom is operated by feet and hands, which press the planks and pull the ropes respectively.

Raw materiel is white and color cotton yarn.

Before a loom, weaver sits on a stool. He keeps his feet on 2 wooden planks of the loom fixed in the pit. With the ropes, plants are attached to the loom. Shuttle has a bobbin with the transverses threads that move to and fro across the loom between the warp threads. This occurs when the weaver pulls a rope hanging from the top.

One set of warp threads moves upwards and the other set downwards. At the same time, the weaver pulls the rope from a side. What happens now? The shuttle runs across, charring the transverse on filling threads.

Now the weaver press the other plank, and the second set of warp threads moves to the upward direction and the first set in the downward direction. Simultaneously when the shuttle is pulled, it runs across between the warp threads from the other side and also carries the filling thread to the other side. In this way, a cloth is woven which is wound thread to the other side. In this way, a cloth is woven which is wound around the roller.

On handloom production silk jari sari cost Rupees one lakhs will be there.

Power loom is operated by an electric motar. Warp thirds are wound around a roller. Head lines are wires through which warp threads pass and wind round on another roller. With the help of electric motar, the shuttle moves with a great speed a cross the warp threads. Here machines perform all the work and the workers have to rejoin the threads that snap at times. Large quantities of cloth are manufactured at a great speed in a power loom. This enables the availability of cloth at cheaper rates.

Book and paper Reading is a good habit. We knows new things by the reading, improved our mind.

Reading gives us a strange pleasure. Even child also enjoy happy in the story reading. A little poem about an animal, a small prose piece about the nature and a little sentence about the society he knows of, give him strange pleasure of reading. Reading is recreational as well as instructive. The effect which reading has on the human mind is, by its very nature, a source of pleasure.

Reading provides an exertion to the mind but the exertion is exciting and stimulating. Reading of novels makes a person forget the worries of life, reading of news papers, periodicals, etc. which is called light reading, gives the leader knowledge about human life and satisfies his curiosity about day to day happenings. News papers give information about the events in a locality, the state and the country as well as about other countries, and thus widen the out look of the readers. For educated people the reading of a newspaper is a source of pleasure, as well as information and instruction.

Novels some times make the reader smile. at other times, the make him shed tears over the sorrow of the hero or the heroine and provide a variety of other sentiments and emotions of love hatred, strength and weakness, hope and despair, success and failure, etc.

With the very young, like the students in a school, books on travel and adventure are very popular. The spirit of adventure is in the very blood of the youth. Students of higher classes study serious books and enjoy the freshness of ideas and intelligent of thought. They get pleasure out of mental satisfaction.

Whatever the topic or nature of a book, reading is a sign of culture. It is a source of knowledge and the best means of making use of one’s leisure.

The world of growing knowledge

In earlier times, people communicated with each other through sings, gestures or drawing pictures. With the advancement in the society, communication techniques also improved. Man learnt more from his experience. He passed on this knowledge from one generation to another, gradually the knowledge increased so much that it became difficult for him to memorize it. The various stages in the development of writing and communication make for an interesting study.

Earlier, people used to exchange their thoughts and views verbally. But it was difficult to remember each and every thing. So, they discovered the technique of writing which enabled them to pass their knowledge to the next generation. Earliest form of writing was in the form of pictures. Picture writing was invented in Mesopotamia before 3000 BC. The clay tablet was used for writing. Ancient Egyptian used more than symbols which were called hieroglyphics characters.

The first written language was Sumerian. On clay tablet pictures were drown using the wedge shaped characters which were called cuneiform. Cuneiform was also adapted for writing the languages of Mesopotamia’s neighbors- Persia and Hittite. China, Korea and Japan still use pictorial scripts. These scripts are difficult to read on write. One has to remember about 12000 pictures symbols to read a book in such a language.

Main scripts of writing found from the Indus civilization is in the form of around 2000 inscribed seals. Seals were used to make impressions on malleable material like clay.

Most Indian scripts have been derived from the brahmi script. Hindi, which is Devanagari script, also came from the ancient brahmi

Of all the black legions that

were in his mind,

he had calculated with

the calculus of sin

and the tact of cunningness

All his steps were made

with the utmost inference

by the language of the pitchfork

He had eyes of the shadow,

a black iris, black as mystery,

he moved with the swagger of darkness

and the intentional silence of grim intelligence

He spoke with the shadow

to be a predator of the innocent,

devouring them with every chance he had,

looming over their spirit

and imprisoning them with the

grimest of consciences after he

had seduced them into laughing evil.

                                                     By Kakraba Afful

first, upon the mountains,

a chill creeps...

sneaks...

leaps with a menace of discomfort,

warmth is murdered,

the walls of autumn seem to be broken

and the siege begins

the mountains,

grim friends!

they have connived and condoned with

the suicidal hour,

broadcasting, mailing, telegram, sending

this bleak message to all,

that master frost, reigns supreme

due to the dismal mutiny of time!

the autumn is a traitor!

where is it?

GONE!

it was supposed to protect us!

Prevent nature from putting

us in the fridge

but then!

a victor returns!

a mighty warrior, from the exile

night gave!

and soaring above the sky majestically with

a boastful laugh,

brings the chilly siege to an end

with the grand brandish of sunshine

and you can feel the sunlight,

dancing in the sky,

we'd rather prefer this tyrant,

to the other wouldn't we?

O what a magnificent tyranny!

                                                       By Kakraba Afful