NANO TECHNOLOGY

· Nanotechnology is nothing but the science that has to do with atoms that are pieces of matter.

· Nanotechnology will make us healthy and wealthy though not necessarily wise.

· It is a science that has to do with atoms. Atoms are tiny pieces of matter. Atoms make up around us.

· Machines that are called Nanomachines are used in nanotechnology.

Nanotechnology will change how almost everything is made. The products that are made from nanotechnology will be made with stronger fibers. In the future we will be able to replicate anything, even food, water, and diamonds. We could get rid of famine. No one would starve again.

Nanotechnology will be able to create new computer components.

Nanotechnology in Medical Field:

Medical Industry will most probably have the biggest impact from Nanotechnology.

• Nanorobots discovered will make the cancer cells and viruses harmless.
• Nanorobots will be a thousand times more precise than a surgeon is.
• Our Physical appearance could be changed by nanorobots. They can also be designed to perform cosmetic surgery.

Some people say the advancement in technology may lead to harmful activities of humans. But it is an usual comment for any new advanced technology. It is the way how we use.

ADVANTAGES:

· Self assembling consumer goods.

· Computers may run billions of times faster.

· Safe space travel.

· No more pollution and automatic clean up.

WI-FI SECURITY

INTRODUCTION:

WI-FI is an abbreviation for “ WIRELESS FIDELITY”. WI-FI technology is a Latest trend in wireless network. We are trying to take this applicatin to the next stage. We are going to explore about security vulnerabilities in Wireless-Fidelity (Wi-Fi) networks.

Wi-Fi security gives some useful solution for current problems by using IPSEC protocol.

Wi-Fi wireless products use microwave radio frequencies for wireless transmissions. IPSECURITY protocols provide mechanisms which sometimes lead to unsecured links.

The Wi-Fi enabled devices like PC, Cell Phone can be connected to Internet within the range of wireless network. The Area covered by one or several interconnected points is called a HOTSPOT.

NEED FOR WI-FI wireless Network:

Wi-Fi allows the LANs to be connected without cabling and therefore typically reducing the costs of the network expansion. It can be employed where the cables cannot be employed such as outdoor areas and historical buildings.

As the latest laptops contain inbuilt wireless network adapters the price of chipsets for Wi-fi keeps on reducing.

LAN AND WI-FI:

LAN:

From Ethernet hub n number of cables is to be connected to PC and laptops which increases the cost of wiring and the spacing required.

WI-FI:

A single cable is be used between Ethernet hub and WI-FI system. And after that WI-FI looks after the LAN connections in the local area.

TYPES OF THREATS:

Some of the Major threats we are facing include the following:

· Accidental Associations

· Rogue Access Points

· Unsecured Access points.

Accidental Associations:

A common Wi-Fi security problem encountered in business networks is the phenomenon of Accidental Associations. These occur when users operating on a legitimate WLAN ‘drift’ on to an overlapping WLAN of the neighbor a few floors up or a hacker in the parking lot across the street.

ROGUE ACCESS POINTS:

They are unauthorized Wi-Fi access points placed by employee users providing wireless access to your organization’s network without IT management authorization.

UNSECURED ACCESS POINTS:

Whether users in your organization connect to WLANs inside or outside of the management network infrastructure, there are security risks when users associate their endpoint PCs with Unsecured Access points. These are the Risk factors that are employed in Wi-Fi technology.

EXISTING WI-FI SECURITY:

Some of the existing Wi-Fi security are as follows.

· Desktop firewall software.

· Network firewall/Router.

· Spam filter

· Password Management

· System back up and so on.

These security systems are employed in Wi-Fi systems using IP SECURITY protocols which provides mechanisms for establishing security associations between pairs of devices.

Using the Securities mentioned above the following problems can be avoided.

· Prevent connection to rogue access points.

· Secure users working at public access Wi-Fi hotspots, making them virtually invisible to hackers.

· Control unwitting employee behavior.

· Ensures endpoints can only connect via approved Wi-Fi access points.

APPLICATION OF WI-FI:

Can be used within the school campus so that the students and teachers can access to the information they need.

With the wireless network users can send or receive mail, share files, download assignment, create web based study groups and so on.

ADVANTAGES OF WI-FI:

· Share a single Internet connection with all computers

· Share files with Family.

· Cheaper.

· Ideal for ADSL/Dial up.

CONCLUSION:

In this article some basic implementation of Wi-Fi Security and the techniques to avoid threats using these techniques are provided. Thus Wi-Fi technology applied in education, home users and small business provides flexibility and can access any where.

Smarter read with SQ3R

SQ3R is an effective method for reading and studying. It stands for: Survey, Question, Read, Recite, Review.

Either active reading in five phases:

1. Explore the text.
2. Ask yourself questions.
3. Read the text.
4. Tell in your own words what you've read.
5. Check it again after.

This way you will better remember what you've read. That's because you actively build a mental frame around the information in the text. And you can target read, because you are looking for the answer to certain questions.

1. Explore the text.
Look globally to text. Read the title and key phrases of the opening of each chapter. Read the main components of the summary and conclusions.
2. Ask yourself questions.
Note the questions that come up with. For what purpose do you read the text? What is the text? Which questions the author tries to answer?
3. Read the text.
Read the whole text, but while skipping over unimportant parts. Try to understand what you read and take the time. Make a diagram of the main elements.
4. Tell in your own words what you've read.
Try your own words to answer the questions you've asked. Try (in mind) someone else to explain what in the text.
5. Check it again after.
Read the relevant parts of the text again. Work out your notes. Look for the answer directed questions still unanswered.

The main advantages of SQ3R in a row:

* Spend your time reading best.
* You better remember what you read.
* You read purposeful.
* You select the important information in a text.

1. RSS reading through webbased RSS-readers

The most popular way to read RSS feeds to a web based RSS reader. Bloglines is the world's most popular RSS reader, NewsGator is very well known. Both are services that your RSS feeds on a spot somewhere on the Internet for your collection. Very useful if you from multiple locations and / or multiple PCs works: accessible to everyone everywhere. This article contains a comparison between Bloglines and NewsGator. Even Google with its Google Reader tries to need to play. By RSS Compendium contains a very comprehensive overview of all available Web-based RSS readers.

2. Read via RSS desktop RSS readers

Another way to read RSS feeds is a desktop RSS reader, a special tool that you need to download and then install on your PC. This kind of readers you have in many shapes and sizes, free and paid. Such readers are usually only suitable for a specic operating system: Windows, Mac, Linux / Unix. Few readers are amongst destop RSS-capable cross-platform work. I work with a Windows PC itself and am very happy with Sharp Reader (free reader, which unfortunately is not renewed, but still continue to be downloaded) and Feed Demon (a paid reader who has the advantage that with the web based reader NewsGator can synchronize). Even Feed Reader and RssReader are known and good (free) reader for Windows. NetNewsWire is a (paid) user and popular reader for Mac users.

3. RSS reading through the browser

A third way to read RSS feeds is simply via a browser. Internet Explorer for Firefox was called and came to live bookmarks: favorite links that include an overview of the latest articles on your favorite sites. But from the next new version of Internet Explorer, this functionality standard part of the browser. The beta version of Internet Explorer 7 is already available in RSS. Many people expect that RSS will be included in Internet Explorer, a real breakthrough in the mass will lead. Also Opera browser and the Mac browser Safari have RSS on board.

4. Reading RSS via e-mail tool

Another way to read RSS feeds via e-mail. This means that in your e-mail program one or more additional folders which gets the RSS feeds which you have subscribed come. The service here is most famous NewsGator, this application sends RSS feeds to Outlook (Express), Eudora, Entourage and Apple Mail. Thunderbird is an e-mail program that the RSS reader is built. There are also services that RSS feeds from Web sites into one e-mail that just comes into your inbox. Known solutions for this are RssFwd, Rmail and FeedBlitz. Here you will find an overview of RSS via e-mail.

5. RSS Reading via mobile RSS reader

Another option is to read RSS feeds through an RSS reader suitable for mobile devices. Here again you have several variations: you have readers that are suitable for mobile phones (including Google Mobile), readers for the BlackBerry (News like Pico), readers for the Palm (as HandRSS) and readers for the Pocket PC (such as PocketRSS) . Some of these readers, such Feeder Reader for Pocket PC, can even get along with podcasts. Free News is a reader who (almost) all mobile devices can handle.

6. Via an RSS notifier

A shape that quickly arises is the RSS notifier. This notifier is called RSS-notify-icon or branded RSS reader called. He's right at the bottom of the screen in the system tray, so next to the clock. The RSS notifier is a suitable tool for RSS and marketing can be very effectively used to generate visits to a website. The company Oberon has such notifier developed include International Soccer (VI.nl Nieuwsbal), De Volkskrant (Nieuwsklikker), De Telegraaf (Koppensneller), the Algemeen Dagblad (Newsreader), De Standaard (Nieuwsklikker) and Het Nieuwsblad (Newsreader). Another supplier is Infocaster, there has been developed for the readers include Nu.nl (Newsreader), TMF (TMF Dashboard) and Nieuws.nl (Newsreader).

7. RSS read through a personal homepage

You can also use RSS to compile your own home. The big three are all doing: pioneer MyYahoo!, Microsoft (start.com) and Google (Google Ig) offer this service. Not as well known but certainly worthwhile services like Netvibes, Pageflakes and Proto Page. A variant offers the Dutch and Belgian Portal Feedo.nl News Manager. Furthermore, we know the Dutch News Page (of Home), Bommie.com and - recently - OnlineRSS.nl (their demo is worth).

8. Via an RSS feed on a website

A somewhat similar this application is that the owner of a website as a service one or more RSS feeds from other sites through its site. This means that an instance of the columns in a list of headlines from another site to see. Here in France we do Watching the example of Emerce headlines and Marketingfacts (see right column). These sites make that turn with the RSS feed for Watching Frank. Sometimes this is used as FeedOnSite.com services, which site owners to an RSS feed that can convert normal HTML code.

9. Reading RSS via instant messenger

A very young applies RSS via instant messenger. Oberon developed for the Volkskrant Nieuwskraker. "Sometimes you want to know the latest news direct, even when you're chatting. Add the Nieuwskraker to your MSN list and he keeps you informed of the latest news. "The Nieuwskraker respond to queries and also provides" not only heavy cost. It is not just heavy cost. The Nieuwskraker keep you informed of noteworthy news presented as short video. "With tools like CenterICQ these applications can be developed (see Command Line based aggregators).

10. RSS reading through media players

What then of course not in the list may be missing is the ability to use media player, iPod (via iTunes, see eg VPRO's 3voor12), Media Center PCs or digital video recorders to read RSS feeds. Naturally, this includes audio and video files, so podcasts, vodcasts and other audiovisual materials. An innovative application to fine them to close down but not the end of the - it seems - unlimited ability to read RSS feeds.
And really to work