Does your desktop PC get slow at time, and that makes you frustrated? it is time that you become a system Mechanic yourself!!! This article should help you for the same.(this article is not for new PC users)

There are two major reasons why the PC may be slow,one is due to software reason,the other is due to hardware reasons.First we'll discuss about the software reasons that may be slowing down your computer;Consider the following to tackle software problems;

There might be unwanted clutter in your computer( unwanted/garbage data) clean it right away.

• If you are advance user, do it yourself by deleting the contents of prefetch,local temp and windows temp folder.
• Or you can use any freeware from internet.I
• In the Run command window(go to start>run) and type  prefetch  or  temp  or  %temp%  these are the three folders that will contain most of the active clutter in PC.

• You should try to clean your system registry,unfortunately you can't do it manually, you've to use aany software that assists in repairing/optimising registry.I would suggest downloading freeware from www.softpedia.com

• If you are running lots of games or graphical applications,you must try and increase the system paging.This is done by using the system properties window.
• Press windows key and pause together or right click my computer ands select properties.In the window that appears,Select the advance tab,in that sellect the settings button under performance,again select advance in the dialog box that apppears,there you'll find the option to set the paging.

 

• Try to clean up drive, check for errors and defragment drives once every two months.
• This is done by selecting the property of any drive and go to tools tab there you'll find the options to select defragmentation or check errors.

• Check if there are any conflict with the driver files and hardware, since a faulty driver can sometimes slow down the computer.
• This can be done using utility softwares that are availabe in internet,there are some online services too.

• Always have an active virus detection and cleaning software.

• Unwanted startup programs both system and general services sometimes cause the PC to slow down.Get a software that could solve this problem.
• Type msconfig in run prompt(go to start>run),in the dialog box that appears select the startup tab and do the necessary changes.(in the image you can see that only necessary startup are selected)

• Unwanted graphical applications like TSR programs,desktop enhancements,themes, desktop widgets,etc can be slowing down the PC.So uninstall the related unwanted software.

• The PC hardware problems that might be causing the PC to slow down may be due to overheating of the processor-solution is to have the PC in a well air circulated room.Also accumulated dust on ICs and on the sink(the thing above the processor) can contribute to increase in temperature of processor.

• problems with the processor can also cause the trouble-in which case,you've to consult an aurthorised service engineer

Use the following link to get freewares: www.softpedia.com            www.sourceforge.net

The concept of layers helps in reducing the size of transistors.Every year transistors' number go on increasing in a microprocessor chip. Where does this increase come from?it comes- Chips gets larger and the transistors get more and more smaller. Transistors shrink in size beacuse of their ability to control photolithography and the technology of process advances.

Chip is not actually made up of all transistors only. It contains wires also. The wires are often wider than the transistors because of the harder deposition of aluminium and because the wires are on top of other layers.where these have to face an uneven surface. Aluminium is subject to a phenomenon called "metal migration" in which an  electric current actually draws metal atoms along with the electron flow and the metal thus can break or separate at weak points. As chips grow larger and device counts increases, the length of wires and their number increases. Modern chips are built up on the system of wires. This lead to the increase in the number of layers of wires on a chip to increase density. Copper was never used in place of Aluminium as it was harder to work with. It is also softer than Aluminium so it is harder to control its deposition.

the metal is the thickest layer in the chip. It adds a great deal of vertical relief to the chip surface. It is important to fill in the valleys with an insulator which is than polished flat. Then the insulator must be made smooth to varying depths to create contact points for the next metal layer. As the sizes of transistors shrink these can also be more easily switched because the distance between the drain and source is reduced and the capacitance of the gate is also reduced. Thus a channel can be easily opened or closed. In addition, wires length reduces, so the time for a signal to propagate locally is reduced.

Another reason for reducing size of transistors is something called  short channel effect. When the gate region of a transistor gets too small, electrons can tunnel through it whether it is off or on. This requires the correct adjustment of doping to increase the off resistance. In other words to build a tiny transistor that can be turned off, we have to dope it upto the point where it cannot be turned on.The solution to this problem was to place gates on both sides of the channel and charge them at the same time. the joint fields create a conductive channel, and when these are removed, the transistor turns off. So these were some of the reasons transisotrs go on shrinking. And the concept of layers help in decreasing the size of transistor and increasing the speed of chip or microprocessor

 

Before formatting your Hard Disk please make sure that you have done the following:

 

1)       You have to decide in which file system that you are going to format the system NTFS or FAT.

2)       Please make sure that you have backed up all the data in your hard disk.

3)       Have all the software’s Disks which are in your Hard Disk. Because once the system formatted you can’t use that software.

4)       Configured your computer to start from CD or DVD drive.

 

Partition the Hard Disk

 

1)       Insert the Windows XP in your CD drive

2)       Press any key to boot from CD

3)       In the “Welcome Setup Page”, press Enter

4)       Hit the F8 function key to accept the Windows XP License agreement

5)       You will get the list of all the existing partitions and non-partitioned spaces for each and every physical hard disk. You can either select an existing partition or create a new partition.

6)       For deleting the existing partition, Press D and then press L

7)       Select the Partition in where you want to install XP

8)       There will be four option to format the partition:

a.       Format the partition by using the NTFS file system (Quick)

b.       Format the partition by using the FAT file system (Quick)

c.       Format the partition by using the NTFS file system

d.       Format the partition by using the FAT file system

e.       Leave the current file system intact (no changes)

9)       After the formatting of the disks, you have to follow the step by step instruction to install the Windows XP.

10)   After the Installation you have to restart the computer.

 

Uninterruptible Powers Supply (UPS) is generally used for the purpose to supply power when power fails. UPS are of many types like, Online UPS, Offline UPS, Digital UPS etc. UPS are available from small power supply to high power supply. Nowadays UPS are used in Domestic as well as Company use. Due to the load shading that being carried out on large amount nowadays has increased the sell of UPS on large quantity. For domestic purpose UPS are generally used for personal computers as they are cheaper and they give battery back up of about 10 to 15 minutes. But the UPS used to supply power for all appliances in house is costly but gives long battery back-up of about 4 to 5 hours. These are generally Digital UPS.

UPS has helped on large amount in industrial and IT sector that’s because due to long hours of powers cut, companies and Industries have to wait for power . But due to UPS, power supply is continuous so called as uninterruptible powers supply.

UPS are silent then generators. So no noise pollution created. UPS need to be continuously charged so that they can supply power when power fails.