These Tuareg people controll the trans-Sahara caravan routes in the ancient times,and apart from that they also involve in the taxation of the goods and they also helped to convey and raiding neighboring tribes.
But during the modern times, their raiding was subdued by the French who ruled Algeria.But during the 1960's it became increasingly difficult for the Tuareg to maintain their pastoral traditions after the political division of Saharan Africa
Their society distinguishes among nobles, vassals, and serfs. One important thing that they have done in the recent times is that the abolished Slave-stealing expeditions yet the black descendants of former slaves still perform the menial tasks. Mainly the social status of the Tuareg people is determined mainly through matrilineal descent.
When it comes to their religion they are mainly converted by the Arabs to Islam but inspite of their conversion ,the Tuareg people have retained some of their older rites. Some of the older rites that they maintain to retain includes man,not women,wear a headdress with a veil.
During the 1970's,many Tuareg starved in droughts and this made others to migrate to otheer cities. About 3 to 10 lakhs of Tuareg people live in Algeria, Tunisia, Mali, Libya, Burkina Faso, and Niger.The Nnumber of Tuareg people live in different countries are given below
1)Niger - 17.2 Lakhs(according to 1998 census)
2)Mali - 14.4 lakhs(according to 1991 census)
3)Algeria -Approximately 10 lakhs(according to 1987 census)
4)Burkin Faso - 6 lakhs(according to 1991 census)
5)Libya - 5.57 Lakha(according to 1993 census)
Of what use is free speech if there is no one to listen?? It is impossible for communication to occur without someone receiving a message.
Listening has been found to be linked to success be it at home, school, college, work place or on the personal front. A lot of misunderstanding, heartburn and failure could be avoided by effective listening.
Yet, we tend to ignore the subtle hint that nature has provided us with .. " Two ears and one mouth".. Obviously to listen twice as much as we speak...
Many a times HEARING is considered synonymous with listening. But hearing is just the first of the five steps in the process of listening.
The process of listening is completed through:
1) Hearing : here in sound waves strike the eardrum and cause vibrations
2) Attending: Is the act of paying attention to the signal
3) Understanding : Is the process of making sense of the message
4) Responding: Means giving bservable feedback to the sspeaker and finally the last step in the listenin process is
5) Remembering
Listening is said to have occured only when all the steps have been followed. Though HEARING is a natural process, listening needs effort and practice. Hence the general assumption that listening is a passive process is not true.
Based on their style and habit various types of listeners could be identified... ( this is purely based on my observation )
PSEUDO LISTENERS:
Are those who give an appearance of being attentive by using a polite facade to mask thoughts. They may even nod and answer occasionally. Such listeners are invariably seen in most classes while Teaching. ( I very often fall in this category especially when my cousin has something to tell me.. and i am totally engrossed in my mobile.. I would have no idea of what she says but and yet i keep nodding my head... ts a different thing that she has caught my trick off late.. and questions time and again about what she just said .. so i am forced to listen)
SELECTIVE LISTENERS:
Respond only to parts of conversation that interest them, rejecting everything else. Generally seen among spouses.
DEFENSIVE LISTENERS.
Take innocent cmments as personal attacks. eg. Teenagers who perceive parents' questions about friends as snooping, get defensive.
AMBUSHERS
Are those that listen carefully because they are collecting information to attack what you say. The classic eg. Being cross questioned during exams
INSULATED LISTENERS
Would rather not deal with a topic. If you remind them about a problem - perhaps an unfinished job, poor grades etc. they will nod and promptly forget what you have just said.
INSENSITIVE LISTENERS
Are not able to look beyond the words and behavior to understad their hidden meanings ad take remarks at face value.
STAGE HOGS
Generally keep interrupting conversations to turn the topic to themselves instead of showing interest in the speaker.
One can try and become a better listener by understanding some reasons one listens poorly and identifying and minimizing the above faulty listening behaviours.
So make a conscious effort to be an effective listener rather than an affective speaker, for a change.
Happy Listening!!!
Berber?
Berber is a type of language and it also represents the people of certain native, non-Arab tribes inhabiting large sections of the Northern part of Africa.The important characteristics, when it comes to the people of Berbers is that they are sparely built and their skin colour range from white and near-white to that of dark brown in colour.The picture below shows the Berber people
Berber and Arabs
The important part in history is that they mixed with so many other ethnic groups,through the centuary,and the most notable one includes the Arabs.At present the Berbers are usually identified on a linguistic rather than that of an ethnic basis.This has made the Berber language, as a branch of Afro-Asiatic language family and the most interesting thing is that this language comprises of about 300 closely related local dialects. The Berber language is the most primarily a spoken language among their people, but inspite of this language being spoken by many people,the written form is little known and it is not commomnly used.
Berber population
The population of Berber includes about 2.2 crores approximately and it constitutes
1)40 percent of the population of Morocco
2)Nearly 30 percent of the population of Algeria
But as a matter of fact the number of identifiable Berbers in North Africa is slowly declining as they slowly trying to adopt the language of Arabs.Most of the Berbers are Muslims andthe important thing is that they are less orthodox, however, and their religious rituals includes many elements which was derived from ancient pre-Islamic and pagan religions. The Berbers usually inhabit rural areas and they dwell in tents and clay huts and also use stone houses in larger villages.
Occupation of berber
Traditionally the occupations of Berber includes sheep and cattle raising.Inspite of this,they also concentrate in crop rising. Apart from these two fields Berbers are also well versed in other occupations which includes
1)Flour milling Wood carving
2)The quarrying of millstones
3)The production of domestic utensils, agricultural implements, pottery, jewelry, and leather goods.
Early Existance
The historical evidence says that Berber lived first in Nort Africa and they inhabited the coast of North Africa from Egypt to the Atlantic Ocean, for many centuaries and they continued to inhabit these regions till the domination of Arabs in 7th AD and the Arabs drove many Berber tribes inland to the Atlas Mountains and to areas in and near the Sahara. This made them to preach Islam after the Arab conquest and they struggled for their powers for many centuries.The image below shows the Berber Warriors
Under the French rule
France and Spain subjugated Morocco and Algeria during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. In 1918, after the first world war, the Berber and Arab populations of North Africa began actively to seek independence. The Rif,which was led by the Rif emir Abd el-Krim, repeatedly defeated Spanish troops beginning from 1921 and the Berbers also advanced into French Morocco in 1926 but were repulsed next year by the combination French and Spanish forces.The picture below shows the Rif Tribesman
Independent at last
Hi
This Article about our young generation. Some time before I posted a pole in my profile that "do you really think that premarital affairs is not cheat to your life partner" Some guys say that I do by my partner can't do this. I want to ask this type of guys why you dont like if your wife is make this type of relation with any other before marrige. In present I saw so much experience in my life some time before I saw that tow young boys were going on his bike there was a collage girl going the boys has hit his hand on her bum...... is this right. I think that our new generation is going to wrong way they take worg benefit of there freedom. I think if mother father knows the language of fate they will write anything for their childrens. I am tell my young brother sister that our mother father given us our life and so much education for think us that what is wrong and what is right. Our mother father belive on us so much why don't we thinks to do something really good.
Rahool
Many may not understand what I am talking about by just reading the topic name. Neither did I. I go along as I start typing. Being foolish to me is doing things as you are told to do them without any returns, again and again. Now here I'm talking abou the contests. No not the Community contests. They are fine and you do get returns. :P What I am talking about is the SMS trend all over TV channels and the lucrative prizes added to them. SMS this and you get that. SMS that and you get this. How is it related here ?! Well cause I saw MTV Hero Honda (Sponsors should always be credited) Roadies 7 doing it this time after the failing attempt of last time. By the failing attempt of last time I mean the Idea contest which was being held to find a winner who would be seen on the Finale episode. So when it ended, seemed to me as either there was no winner or I didnt get the Idea. Maybe it meant to have the person on the Finale but not on screen. If it was this way, it was stupid. :D As for this time, The Delhi auditions are over. I am from Delhi BTW. But, I am still getting messages and e-mails to maximize my chances of becoming a Roadie. So well before people start bashing me for an Anti-MTV thread, let me tell you that this is not one. I just wanna ask the Youth, the so-called Youngistaan if it really that foolish ? What I'm asking for is just a bit of transparency in such contests. And I dont think I'm asking for too much. :)
TV shows are just promoting themselves with this type of things that if you participate in this contest you will get and it depends on you if you have money and faith in the contest then participate or else we wont...same thing is daily we get calls from customer cares through mobiles to get this caller tune that tune we dont activate rite?
same goes to shows they give gifts for the correct guess but if you send 1 message its impossible to get because they give huge amount of prize example is stunt mania where pulsar 220 was given to a person who sent some 1000+ msgs...see they need profits and this is the way they get profits
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next is some shows which ask us to vote for the contestants to save them from vote out if you like to save then you will do or else no...i never messaged to anyone except this time roadies because i wanted to participate and the show people wanted to get profits through this way...
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finally my point is it depends on you if you feel to participate then you do or else no
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