Soviet Russia and china, which are communist countries, also claim to be democratic because they say that the worker and the farmer is ruling force in their countries.

Democracy has been in existence in the world since early times. Plato and Aristotle of Greece referred to the opinion of the people in the governance of a country. Ancient Indian books are referring to the strong influence which public opinion had it the government of those days. In the Ramayana there is a reference to lord Rama who sent Sita to the hermitage of Balmiki, after wresting her from the clutches of Ravana by killing the latter. He took this step on account of respect for the public opinion. Democracy has, therefore, its roots in ancient India where civilization had reached an advance stage.

The Manga Carta of England laid the foundations of democracy and human rights in Europe. After its independence, America also laid down a democratic from of government where the will of the people was given maximum importance. Abraham

Lincoln, the president of America established the rule of the people, for the people and by the people. For his propagation of this cause he even sacrificed his life. He became a martyr for equal rights to the Negroes in America.

The rise of Hitler and Mussolini in Germany and Italy respectively during 1930’s was a blow to the cause of democracy. Hitler and Mussolini joined hands in nipping the democracy in the bud in Europe. It was due to the strength of democracies like Russia, America and England that dictatorship of Europe had to loss in the battlefield during the Second World War. The second war was a war between democracy and dictatorship.

Democracy has been functioning smoothly in most of the countries since the Second World War. Most European countries have successfully worked out democratic governments and made good progress. They built their economics which had been destroyed during the war. Japan, Malaysia, east European countries and Russia have also made remarkable progress under democratic set-up. The United States has become the richest country of the world under a democracy set-up.

As regards India, democracy has been functioning here smoothly since the times of independence. The country made great progress. The country set up an economic system in democracy lines and it helped industrialization on a large scale. Small-scale industries were also developed to maintain equality in distribution and to avoid concentration of economic power.

Directive principles of state policy now -a-days

In addition to the fundamental rights and duties, the constitution has long list of directive principles of state policy. They are the guidelines the government is supposed to follow.

Lows should be farmed for raising the standard of living of the people.

It must also ensure that some people do not exploit others and become rich.

Enough opportunities of education and providing are free and compulsory education to the children up to 14 years of age.

The backward classes like the scheduled castes, scheduled tribes and other weaker sections of the society should be protected.

Equal wages for equal work to both men and women.

We are all different in my ways but we all belong to one country, i.e., India. We have to work for the unity of the country. We must be honest and hard working. Our constitution has paid enough attention to the welfare of the people. It is our duty to follow the rules and make our country great in such a way that we can be proud of our motherland.

Fundamental duties

Rights with out duties are incomplete. There is a close relationship between rights and duties. With out performing duties one cannot hope to have rights. Some of the fundamental duties mentioned in our constitution are-

We must obey the lows of the country.

All citizens must respect our national flag and the national anthem.

We must protect our national property and environment.

We must help to keep the country united.

We must defend our country in times of need.

We must pay our taxes.

We should avoid acts of violence.

All citizen of India are equal and we must treat them as such.

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Punjab is state in north India. Its capital city is Chandigrah. It is the common capital of both Punjab and Haryana states. The name of Punjab means `The Land of five Rivers’. It is a large lowland or plain. When India and Pakistan be come independent, the Punjab lowlands were divided into two parts. The larger part was given to Pakistan and the smaller part becomes our state of Punjab. Amritsar is the largest city in Punjab state it is the Sikhs religious centre. The Sikhs golden temple located here. It is the holy place of the Sikhs.

The lowland of Punjab state is not flat, but slopes gently, across this lowland flow the Satluj and the Beas Rivers. The soil of the lowland is rich and good for farming.

Punjab has three seasons: summer, monsoon and winter. In summer, Punjab becomes very hot and dry. The rainy season or monsoon lasts for three months from July to September. Most rain falls at this time of the year. During winter it becomes quite cold. The sun shines brightly and a little rain falls. These help the winter crops to grow. Punjab does not get enough rain to grow crops all the year round in the dry season; water is taken from the rivers to the fields by canals. Were there no rivers, wells are dug. Many of these are tube ~wells with large eclectic pumps.

The state gets water and electricity from Bhakra Nangal Project also. The Bhakra Dam has been built across the river Satluj in Himachal Pradesh. There is another Dan at Nangal in Punjab. The Bhakra Dam forms a very large lake which is called the Gobind Sagar. In winter and summer this water is used to irrigate the crops. It is also used for producing electricity. The electricity is used in factories, in towns, n villages and for working the tube –wells.

Farming is the chief occupation of the people of Punjab. Wheat is the most important crop. It grows during the Rabi or winter season. The seeds are sown at the end of the rainy season. The wheat plants grow during the winter months. The fields get water from rain and canals or tube –wells. Fertilizers are used to make the plants grow strong and healthy. Everywhere the fields are bright and green, by the middle of March the wheat beings to ripen. The plants first turn yellow and then light brown. The crop is then cut the wheat is collected by the end of April.

Farming has hanged in Punjab. At one time most of the work was done by and. The fields were dug by ploughs pulled by bulls. Water was taken out from the canals and wells by buckets. The farmer and his family cut or harvested the crop with sharp knives. Today it is different, tractors plough the fields. Pumps lift the water from the canals or wells. Harvesting is done by giant machines called harvesting combines. They cut the crop and separate the grain from the chaff.

Punjab grows more wheat than it needs. The extra wheat is packed in gunny bags and is sent in motor trucks or by railway wagons to be sold in other states.

Other crops are also grown in Punjab. In the drier areas, bajra and Jowar are sown. Sugar –cane, cotton, and rice are planted in summer or Kharif season. In winter fields of yellow mustard are seen besides the green wheat.

Day by s=day more and more factories are being built in Punjab. There are flour –mills for grinding wheat; factories for making sugar and cloth and oil-mills here the mustard seed is crushed to make oil. In the city of Jalandhar ports goods such as cricket kits, hockey sticks and footballs are made. Woolen pullovers cardigans, shawls and hosiery goods are made in the factories in Ludhiana. All these mills use electricity to work their machinery.

The farmers’ of Punjab is healthy and hard-working. They eat and drink well and lead simple lives. When the crop is harvested there is much merry –making, singing and Bhangra dancing, Punjab is one of the richest states in India. This is because its people are interested to learn new ways.

A girl of 21 years who is out of her house leaving parents and siblings for the first time in the name of marriage, how she feels?

It's really a difficult/ embarrassing  situation for a girl who has to completely start a new life with her person whom she never come across.

She has many queries in her mind " How he behaves with me? Will he love me? Do he like me? Is he marrying me for the sake of his parents?

What does he know about me? " . How come the parents keep their lovable daughter's hand in the hands of the person whom she has come to

know for the first time in her life ?

She was brought up by her parents as a pamper child and a sweet sister of her siblings , she steps out of her home to a world where the people around were new.

She is the last one to get up from bed in the morning at her parental home, but is the first one at in-law's.She gives nick names to the food prepared by mom and

mom accepts them happily, but the case is reverse in in-law's. She has to accept comments for her food preparations . When she is ill, each and every member of

the family feels as if they are not feeling well, but in in-law's no one cares about. If she was unable to give a good amount in the name of dowry at the time of

marriage, then the girl is tortured by her in-law's like a hungry tiger on deer. When will this hunger of Dowry stops? Is there any end for this? Does the girl of

every family have to face this situation? When will this attempts of murder on girl stops? When will the harassment  on girl stops?

Why only this situation arises for a girl? Is she not independent? Is she not educated? She too is well graduated . She too can stand on her feet. Then why she have to

stay with her soul mate suppressing all his tortures? What do u say....Do she? No..........................

Recently i have come across a case , where the girl faced same problems? So i thought of writing that as an article.