Shivaji was great a king and brave king, little kingdom lion king.

The bravery of Shivaji has become a legend in the history of maharastra. He is one of the most honored immortal heroes of India.

At the age of 20, he attacked some forts belonging to the sultan of Bijapur and successfully captured them. The sultan took revenge by arresting Shivaji’s father. The however, did not shake the determination of Shivaji. Afzal khan’s death gave an easy victory to the Marathas upon the army of Bijapur. Shivaji captured Bijapur and established the Maratha Empire in large tracks of land in the Deccan.

Shivaji had qualities of head and heart. He had a genius for warfare but was at the same time fair to his people although a disciplinarian, he looked after the interests of the people and gave them and gave them protection and good food. He was in favor of breaking the power of richer sections of the society and distributing the booty among poor peasants and workers. The property and the land which got after death of rich land lords was distributed by him equally among the fillers.

He was born in a hill forests in the Western Ghats in Maharastra. Shivaji father an officer in the army of the sultan of Bijapur. Shivaji was brought up by his mother Jijibai, as his father mostly stayed away on army duty. Jijibai was a very of the brave Pandavas and the noble Rama and narrated to him the wonderful things that the ancient heroes of India had done.

At an early age, he took to riding as a hobby and as martial art. He also learnt that art of shooting at an early age, when he was still a young boy; he gathered around him a large number of young boys and became their leader.

He was called by the title of Chatrapati.

Shivaji captured more forts of sultan Bijapur. Sultan sent his general Afzal khan with a large of army to outs Shivaji from the fort and to capture him. As Afzal khan’s army approached Shivaji’s fort, Shivaji went in to the hills with his men and waited for Afzal khan at Partapgarh Instead of attacking. Afzal khan suggested a meeting for settling the dispute with out fighting. Afzal khan came with a dagger hidden in his sleeve but Shivaji had worn a steel helmet under his turban and a coat of iron beneath his dress. First, the two seemed to be embracing but people soon realized that they were fighting. In this fight Afzal khan was killed.

Shivaji now decided to test his strength against the Mughal and started raiding their territory. Aurangzeb’s armies fought Shivaji for nearly twenty years with out any success. Shivaji used guerilla tactics to attack Mughal armies. Aurangzeb’s got so fed up with Shivaji’s tactics that he decided to lay trap for him.

He invited him Agra, the Mughal capital, along with many other chieftains. Shivaji daringly walked in to the Mughal court but Aurangzeb’s ordered his arrest. Shivaji was, however, too clever for the Mughal guards and escaped from the fort hidden in large basket of sweets. On reaching home, he took over again the rule of the Mughal Empire

Ramayana is sweet story. Ram name sweeter than honey. Lakshman was his lover brother. Hanuman was his faithful servant. Sita was his lovely wife. Ravana was enemy of him.

Sri Ramah was a great emperor, he ruled well. He is not only one country king but also universal lord.

I have read many books which have impressed me most are Ramayana. This is book which is liked by every body, the youth and old ages Men and women, rich and poor people.

The book is full of many wise things. One who reads it is the better for it. It makes one’s life noble; one’s thoughts pure. It teaches us now to treat others and how to face life. Though it deals with the lives of kings and heroes, yet it tells us of things which even an ordinary man can practice.

It teaches how a son should be obedient to his father. Rama went into exile, because his father orderd him to do so. The book also shows us the ideal of wifely faithfulness. When Sita heard that her husband was going to the forest she also made her ready to accompany him. He told her many times that it was not advisable for her to do so. But she would not listen to him. She liked the company of her husband even in the forest than the comforts and pleasures of the place. The book also shows us what real brotherly devotion is. When Lakshman heard that Rama was going away he made up his mind to follow him. All tried to dissuade him from doing so, but he would not listen to them. He said, `` I would rather live in the forest with my brother than in a place with out my brother’. And Hanuman in this a great powerful monkey, He was always helping him as an honest servant. He was great devotion him, which great it was `` Rama was in his heart’’.

Poet and singer

Annamayya and Purandardas were great poets. The two were devotees of Lord Sri Hari. Annamayya was Telugu poet and Purandardas was Kannada poet. They were equal in singing.

Purandardas was a great saint, natural poet and singer. He was belongs to Karnataka. He followed Annamayya’s. Purandardas was lived in year1484 to 1564. He was Kannada language poet. He was devotee of Lord Purandardas Vital. He lived in Hampi place.

Annamayya period was year1408 to 1503. Annamayya was also great poet and singer.

These two members sung Harinama kerthans. He was Telugu langue poet. He was lord devotee of lord Venkateswara. He lived in Thallapaka.

Annamayya kerthana is like this;

Saranu, saranu surendra sannuta

Saranu, saranu vallbha

Saranu rakshasa garvaSaranu

Saranu venkatanayaka

This is Purandardas kerthana;

Saranu, saranu surendra vandita

Saranu srisati sevita

Saranu parvati tanaya

Maruti saranu siddhi vinayaka!

This is not imitation. This is an instance to clearly indicate that the ideology and its communicational patterns of great people will always tally to each other. The emotions and feeling will be similar.

Purandardas a worth poet of Karnataka spurned worldly riches for spiritual wealth. He took Vedas, puranas and ithihasasas to the masses through his musical compositions. He was responsible for Kannada pada sahitya. He was also the founder and father of carnatic music.

He followed devotion way. He gave up entire wealth and became a poor.

We would find a Buddha and a Shiridi Saibaba in him.

Buddha’s teachings were at higher level.

Shiridi Saibaba’s teachings were typical.

But Purandardas teachings were his songs which were self- explanatory that would touch the hearts of millions of masses. For instance, the following song can be examined.

No other poet can write script like this. No other musician can sing like this. Purandardas alone could do this. So he was a phenomenon.

The land in Saudi Arabia is high and mountainous. Hajaz is the mountainous region in the north. Asir is the mountainous region in the south. Most of the people in Saudi Arabia are staunch followers of Islam. Two important sacred cities of Muslims are found in Saudi Arabia. The two cities are Mecca and Madina. Muslims from all over the world visit these two cities. The pilgrimage of the Muslims to Mecca is known as Hajj.

Riyadh is the capital of Saudi Arabia. The other important cities in this country are Jeddah, Mecca, and Damman, Madina, Taif, Buraida and Abha.

Oil resources are found in abundance in Saudi Arabia. The oil resource had made the country very rich. Petrol called as liquid gold is largely exported to the other countries of the world.

The life in the desert region showed great development in recent times due to the development of science and technology. The salt water is made fit drink due to the process of the desalination. Changes have been brought about in the raising of crops, fruits and vegetables. Science has made the desert to bloom in its fullest extent.

There is also a rapid industrial station in Saudi Arabia. The major industries of Saudi Arabia are petroleum, fertilizers, iron and steel, gas and plastics. Mining industries are also growing. Small industries like food processing are also found here. One finds many Indians working in Saudi Arabia.

Main is the camel animals and other animals that are found here are sheep, goats, donkeys and horses. As hunting is done extensively, there is a threat to the existence of animals.

Heavy sand dunes in Saudi Arabia desert

The climate in the desert is very hot. In Saudi Arabia, Sahara Africa, Thar India is such hot climate. The temperature of the day varies from that of the night. The tempter at day is high and the nights are cool and pleasant in summer. The days are warm but nights are cool in winter. Pleasant climate is enjoyed by the people of coastal areas. In summers also, the hill stations are very cool. The important hill station of Saudi Arabia is Adha.

The sandy land heats very quickly during the day. The strong winds are cerate a lot of dust storms. These dust storms create hills or mountains of sand.

There no rivers and lakes, there are only Wadis which flow after rains. Rains are extremely limited and water is got only through oases.

As the rainfalls are scanty and the land is hot, there is only a little scope of vegetarian in Saudi Arabia. The only vegetarian that grow here are desert date palm, thorny bushes and cactus. Xerophytes are the only plants that are well adapted to the harsh climate.

Animal wealth in this type of land is very limited. The birds like ostrich and baboon and animals like desert fox, antelope and camel are found in the desert. Camel is the most useful of all the animals as transport. So it’s called ship of the desert. It is drinks water in oases.

The other animals that are found here are sheep, goats, donkeys and horse. As hunting is done extensively, there is a threat to the existence of animals.