The Spanish word or large estate is hacienda. Most haciendas are about 4,000 acres large and they have belonged to the same family for many, many years like the coffee plantation in India. The owner does not work on his hacienda but employs other people to do so while lives in a big mansion. A captain or foreman is in charge of the hacienda. A few laborers live in the estate. (Remember the coolie lines of the coffee estates?) During the harvest period extra laborers are hired from the neighboring villages on daily wages. Between harvest times the laborers on the estate keep the gardens clean and free from weeds which use up valuable moisture needed by the trees. They have to hoe the land every week to prevent it from cracking and becoming too hard.

Most of the haciendas grow citrus fruits like oranges and lemons and also olives, grapes, peaches and pomegranates. Sometimes wheat or paddy is also grown. There are also the smaller landowners who grow crops of wheat, maize and vegetables. They work for long hours as much of the digging and harvesting is done by hand. Even these small, separate plots feed many people. But though the land is fertile, many farmers are still poor.

The oranges of Seville

Seville lies in the valley of the River Guadalquivir. This area is famous for growing oranges. Dams built across the river hold back water which is used to water the plants during the hot, dry summer. These oranges are not sweet like Indian oranges but are slightly bitter and are good for making marmalade. Great care has to be taken of an orange grove. The trees are pruned and twigs cut off. Fertilizers are added to the soil while the trees have to be sprayed with insecticides.

The ripening season is the busiest time during which the whole family of a worker helps in the work. The fruit id plucked carefully and ladders are used to reach the higher ones. Baskets of fruits are taken to the house, graded and stamped with the word Seville. They are then wrapped in tissue paper and packed away in wooden crates which are then shipped to various countries.

The olives of Cordoba

Cordoba lies about 30 km northeast of Seville which has lie on the river Guadalquivir. More than half the land here is under olive cultivation. Indeed, Cordoba is known as the leading olive- producing area of Spain.

Just like the groundnuts in India, olives are also grown for their oil here. This oil is used for cooking. Oil is extracted by putting the olives into a big stone basin. A heavy stone which goes round slowly crushes the olives and the oil is pressed out. The oil obtained in the first two pressings is for human consumption.

The left over is used to make soap. In some places the olive are crushed and pressed by machines. The leaves of the olives tree are used as fodder for the mules and oxen. Olive harvesting is done in December. Great care has to be taken not to damage the fruit. Some of the olives that are meant to be eaten are harvested when they are slightly green. Only the fully ripe ones are used for oil making.

The grapes of Jerez

Jerez lies south of Seville. The best grapes grow here and the owners of vineyards are able to make good profits. There are a number of varieties of grape-the light green grapes that are meant to be eaten, the purple grapes that are used to make the wine called sherry (a corruption of Jerez) and the raisin grapes that are dried, cleaned and exported. These are the raisins used in making cakes. Growing grapes for wine production is called viticulture.

The growing of grapes is very difficult. Grape vines are supported by a criss- cross frame work, or trellis. The vines must be carefully tended, pruned and manure. Since very frequent watering ruins the wine made from grapes must be picked by skilled workers. The stalks, leaves and other impurities are removed and the grapes are crushed in presses. The juice must ferment for a day or two, before it is put into a cask where it stays for long time. The older the wine, the more expensive it is.

We have considered the life and produce of a Spanish fruit –grower. Though there are other places in the world which have a Mediterranean type of climate and they produce the same type of fruits, their war way of living differ in very way from the life style of people living in the Mediterranean lands.

In India Holi is celebrated in a huge way. Holi is the known as the festival of colours . Holi is known as the festival of colours but some people use harmful colours to play holi which are harmful to human beings and also nature. Such harmful colours harm the skin, eyes, hair of us then also we human beings dont understand and doesn't stop the use of harmful colours.

The colours used in holi are are made from toxic chemicals and thats why they are not suitable to be used on Holi. Purple colour is made from chromium Iodide, Red is made from  Mercuric oxide, Black from lead and so on. These all chemicals are very harmful to the human body.

Harmful effects of colours made from chemicals

In the Olden days the colours used in Holi were prepared from flowers of trees which were harmless as against the colours made from chemicals. Various shows on television and various articles in newspapers have been written regarding  the harmful effects of colours on various parts of the body like eyes, skin etc. Colours cause harmful skin infections on the body and many people suffer from various diseases also due to colours made from chemicals.

Seeing all such harmful effects there should be strong promotion of colours made from flowers and colours made from chemicals should be banned.

India is a country with various cultures,traditions,languages,religions etc.Each and every state in India has popularity of its own.If we notice few things it is evident that north eastern states of India are not given equal importance when compared to northern and southern states of India.This is now time to know about Nagaland,a beautiful state of India.The capital of Nagaland is Kohima and the common language  used by the people is Nagamees.Mountains and deep valleys combine together to form this paradise(Nagaland).Majority of the people are christians and they are tribal people.Their language don't have scriptures.People of different part of the state speak their own tribal language but every one knows Nagamees.Climate is very cold and sun appears for very few months only.Due to rain most of the time landslide occurs, thus affects the traffic.Most of the places in Nagaland are rural and transport facilities are not modern. People of Nagaland are generally very humble,kind and they are not selfish.The food they eat are very different.Most of the people are non vegetarian. They eat pork(pig),chicken,dog etc.They prefer to eat boiled meat rather than fried one.Thus our government has to take step to develop this wonderful state.Its a nice place to visit so whenever you get a chance dont miss to visit this place.Proud to be an Indian 

Tips which can executive or manager can make use of in order to give the cutting edge to his persoanity. the elements are as follows:

Plan out the program:-

To be an effective person it is necessary to plan and progarm the day in advance and as far as possible stick to it.otherwise it would be difficult to progress because of delays, overlappig and confusions. in an oraganisation an executive or a manager has got  many resources at his disposal like man material and money a part from his own time energy. he must therefore plan out the whole program in detail so as to make the best possible use of these resources and also to avoid the other hurdles like delays and break downs.

Aplication and hardwork:

Mere planning the program is not enough. sucess is not a matter of luck or genius. it depends on adequate prepration and determenation. work is the begning the middle and the end success. he  who does not work cannot succeed. all successful pepole have toiled hard and put in enormous amount of work.

Dynamics and adaptability:-

It is the ability to get along well with others. wether senior, equals or juniors. we are always exposed to groups.a leader or a manger has to adjust himself suitably so that he could fit harmoniously in the group. he must reconcile his persona; aims, likes, dislikes, hopes, aspirations and so on with those of the group as a whole.

Optimisam:-

An individual endowed with optimism radiates joy, frendliness, cooperation and warmth. he does his assignments with enthusism, thrill and enjoyement. though he may face setbacks , his postive thinking will enable him to try over and again till he success.

Honesty and loyalty:-

Intergity, honesty, loyalty and selflesness are the fromulations an individuals character. its very important, therefore for a person to ensure that these four aspects of this character are particularly taken care of. one has to be loyal to the organisation and the fellow beings.

Good listener:-

To be intersting one has to be intertsed. be good listner. when ever in a conversation ask questions, draw people out, make them talk about themselves. when the other person is talikg pay rapt attention, dont be impatient. do not look at the watch or yawn or interrupt.

Do not talk much:-

To hear and to learn more, one must  keep the ears and the eyes open and not the moth. if one listens one has an advantage. on other hand if one speaks out of turn, others have the advantage.