All resources present in the earth are perishable. Sunlight is the only renewable recourse that will last for the coming decades. This can be tapped using solar panels. But this method has a disadvantage because the availability of sunlight is not uniform throughout the day. Also it varies as weather changes. But in space availability of solar power is uniform. There will be no obstruction blocking solar power in space. So it will be advantages if the power generated in space can be transmitted to the earth. But there is no such technology for transmitting power through space or air.
I am going to tell one of such technology which will enable the transfer of energy through vacuum. From 1070 onwards scientists have been doing experiments for developing a method for transmitting over through air. They began to think that if they are capable of transmitting the power generated in the solar panels of satellites to earth. They decide to develop a method to beam the power generated in the satellites to earth.
The satellite will be placed in a geo stationary area where the position of satellite doesn’t change. The satellite will be loaded with large number of solar cells. These cells generate electricity without any moving part. One and only moving part in the satellite will be antenna which tracks the ground station. With solar panels low voltage is produced. In order to avoid the ohmic loss in conductors super conducting transmission line is used to transmit the signal to the beamer. In the earlier stage the generated electricity will not be beamed to the earth. They will be used for powering space explorating vehicles by beaming the power generated in space stations. Power of about 20-50 KW is possible to transmit between the vehicles by laser transmission or by microwave communication. A microwave of low mass will be used for this purpose.
The processes in power transmission are the conversion of DC power to beam and the reconversion in the receiver.
The basic parts of the device will be
1. DC to microwave converter.
2. Beam generating antenna
3. Receiver and reconverter.
PROPERTIES OF BEAM POWER TRANSMISSION
1. No material is required for power transmission.
2. Speed of transmission of energy will be equal to that of speed of light.
3. Both bi directional transfer of energy is possible.
4. Energy loss will be less because they are transmitted through vacuum
APPLICATIONS
1. Satellite to earth power transmission.
2. Cellular power transmission.
3. Aircraft power supply.
4. Industrial applications.
5. Inter space vehicle power transmission
Communication and computing are closely related to each other. In an enterprise it will be the most important factor which is to be considered. While considering about large enterprises it will be difficult to transfer data by humans. Ti will be more efficient if a proper communication method is adopted. Wired transmission can be used for this purpose. But it will not be possible if the cost of wiring is immense. So in order to avoid this we can adopt RF communication method. In this article let us know about a new communication method which has larger bandwidth compared to older technologies.
Different communication methods can be classified based on the speed and data handling capacity. The latest technology which provides greater speed is the Wi-Fi. A new technology called the Wimax has been developed to increase the speed of Wi-Fi. The recent invention in the communication field is the Ultra wide band transmission. The characteristics of these transmission methods are
1. It have 25% more data handling capacity than Wimax
2. 1 giga bits per second speed can be achieved
3. Less power is required
4. Higher performance than any other existing technology
In the past few years the mobile communication the growth of mobile communication field is rapid. Day by day the new technologies that served our needs are becoming outdated. Need for better technology is becoming more. Ultra wide band will be a revolutionary concept in the mobile communication field. It will also find place in military communication fields and many other fields.
This technology is used for the transmission of digital data in the format of ones and zeros. This uses low energy and lesser duration for transmission of each signal. Burst method is used for the transmission of symbols in RF waves. There is no use of carrier in UWB transmission method. Ones and zeros are directly transmitted. As a result of this the range of this communication is about 15-100m.
UWB is entirely different from RF communication. In the RF transmission wave transmitted are continuous. Let us see an example for understanding this easily. If a man watering the plants moves the pipe in up and down motion what will be the motion of water coming out of the pipe. This will be the RF communication.
While in UWB let as assume a man watering a pipe is closed the pipe with his hand and releasing it at particular interval will seems like water is fired from the pipe. This is the concept of UWB. Very short pulses fired in the time interval of nano seconds will cover a wide area. When the duration of each symbol is varied we can represent the ones and zeros.
UWB wide band transmission can be used to replace the existing communication protocol called the Wi-FI or 802.11 and short range Bluetooth communication. The current fastest communication protocol is the Wi-Fi which is offering a speed of 11 MB/s. this is the minimum speed. It can get up to a maximum speed of 50 MB/s. but the UWB transmission can get up to a speed of 100 MB/s. this speed is the initial speed that can be attain by the launch of UWB. This speed will increase in the future.
सबसे मौलिक बयान इस प्रकार है: एक विषय के स्थान पर योजना बनाउपकरण, जो सामान के लिए एक डिजिटल संचार दांव बीम फैलता है. संकेतएन्क्रिप्टेड है, तो यह केवल प्राथमिक पेटेंट उपकरणों के द्वारा उठाया जा सकताहै. संचार कार्यक्रम होना मील से अधिक स्पष्टता और पारंपरिक सरासर यासुरक्षित आयाम में कोई मानमर्दन के साथ अंत उपयोगकर्ता द्वारा पार कर सकतेहैं तरीके.
लेकिन केवल क्या आधार बनाता स्टार रिसीवर सिस्टम का उपयोग कीएक संबंध रहे हैं. कई नवाचारों और आधुनिक विषय क्षेत्र eff का उपयोगडिजिटल एक उपभोजित रास्ते से लाया गया जहां यह एक दस साल का पहलेसही पर शुरू किया.
डिजिटल रेडियो वास्तव में के दशक में अपूर्ण कार्य कर रहा था वाशिंगटन स्थितविश्व अंतरिक्ष हाउस के साथ. निर्धारित स्थान के एकत्रीकरण, संयोजन, औरमहाद्वीप के कुछ हिस्सों के लिए वायरलेस उपग्रह प्रदान करते हैं. जिंदा होते हुएभी दूर जब तक नहीं था पेंच अमेरिका में जब उत्तरवासी फील्ड अपराध रूढ़िवादीडिजिटल आवृत्ति रिसीवर सेवित जो यान प्रसारण के लिए प्रसारण आवृत्ति कापूरा भरोसा क्षेत्रों आबंटित.
दो कंपनियों के लिए बोली और जीता लाइसेंस आवंटित आवृत्तियों में प्रसारितकरने के लिए:-निवासी महानगरों वायरलेस, जो गुप्त बारी रेडियो, लाइसेंस केलिए कार्डिनल डॉलर का भुगतान किया है, और बाइनरी यंत्र पानेवाला व्यक्तिसीडी रेडियो में करोड़ डॉलर भुनाया. में अपनी विस्तृत अनावरण , और इसलिएइस वर्ष में पीछा किया.
'यद्यपि दोनों कंपनियों वाणिज्यिक मुक्त प्रोग्रामिंग कि आगामी अमेरिका में कहींभी है की से अधिक चैनलों प्रदान करते हैं, वे विषय मार्गों विषम लिया युग्मकरिपोर्टिंग सफल है प्रणाली दो भूमध्य रेखा है, जो विश्व की गतिशीलता के साथतुल्यकालन में विस्थापित क्रमादेशित रहे हैं सीधे ऊपर स्थित उपग्रहों पर निर्भरहै. शारीरिक करने के लिए इस तरह की इमारतों और पहाड़ों बाधाओं से कार्य वश, मदद विकार जो एंटेना कि उपग्रह से संकेत प्राप्त करने के लिए प्रसारण और यहहै समर्थक करने के लिए कर रहे हैं एक नेटवर्क पर निर्भर है.
समूह उपग्रहों कि आंकड़ा-8 में यात्रा कक्षाओं की तिकड़ी पर आधारितहै. क्योंकि इन कक्षा उपग्रह अक्सर ठोस वस्तुओं से, उपग्रहों की तुलना मेंअधिक परेशानी व्युत्पत्ति कर सकते हैं कम है और एक पहाड़ी repeaters केजाल काम छोटा कलाकार है. करने के लिए नियमित रूप से ओकटेट घंटे केदौरान संकेत स्तर आरक्षित है कि तथाकथित 'इस यात्रा कार्यक्रम उपग्रहों उन्हेंजमीन का चयन करने के लिए शेष लेता है, फेलोशिप एक उपग्रह है जो फ़ीडग्राहकों के लिए संवाद करने की क्षमता पर पट्टों.
स्टार वायरलेस भी लाने डिजिटल छोटा व्यवसाय पर निर्भर करता है एक मॉडलहै कि एल्गोरिदम के रूप में प्राप्य के रूप में आगामी बैंडविड्थ पर ज्यादा बातअनुबंध करने के लिए परिष्कृत उपयोग करता है.
There are a few things that can be done in times of grave emergencies.
Your mobile phone can actually be a life saver or an emergency tool for survival.
Check out the things that you can do with it:
1.FIRST Emergency
The Emergency Number world-wide for Mobile is 112.
If you find yourself out of the coverage area of your mobile; network and there is an emergency, dial 112 and the mobile will search any existing network to establish the emergency number for you, and interestingly this number 112 can be dialed even if the keypad is locked. Try it out.
2.SECOND Emergency
Have you locked your keys in the car?
Does your car have remote keyless entry? This may come in handy someday. Good reason to own a cell phone: If you lock your keys in the car and the spare keys are at home, call somebody at home on their mobile phone from your cell phone.
Hold your cell phone about a foot from your car door and have the person at your home press the unlock button, holding it near the mobile phone on their end. Your car will unlock.
Saves someone from having to drive your keys to you. Distance is no object. You could be hundreds of miles away, and if you can reach someone who has the other 'remote' for your car, you can unlock the doors (or the trunk).
3.THIRD Emergency
Hidden Battery Power
Imagine your mobile battery is very low. To activate, press the keys *3370# Your mobile will restart with this reserve and the instrument will show a 50% increase in battery. This reserve will get charged when you charge your mobile next time.
4.FOURTH Emergency
How to disable a STOLEN mobile phone?
To check your Mobile phone's serial number, key in the following digits on your phone: * # 0 6 #
A 15 digit code will appear on the screen. This number is unique to your handset.
Write it down and keep it somewhere safe. If your phone gets stolen, you can phone your service provider and give them this code. They will then be able to block your handset so even if the thief changes the SIM card, your phone will be totally useless. You probably won't get your phone back, but at least you know that whoever stole it can't use/sell it either. If everybody does this, there would be no point in people stealing mobile phones.
It works fine!
We use electrical signals for the transfer of information from one place to another. For long distance communication we use radio waves. But one of the disadvantages of these communication methods is that there will be unwanted noise present in the received signal of these transmitters and also the speed of transmission. Also the intercontinental communication which covers 1000 of Kilometers is not possible via Electrical transfer of data. In order to make this possible we have adopted a new medium of communication. This is called the Optical fiber communication.
One of the main advantage of using light as a medium of transfer of information is that the interference due to noise will not be present and the speed of light can be used for faster data transfer. Optical fibers are glass rods with a low density plastic wrapping or covering. The basic principle of optical fiber communication is the multiple reflection or refraction.
Terms related to optical fibre communication
Refraction: - The bending of light wave when entering from one medium to another depends on their refractive index. This bending is called refraction. When light enter from denser to lighter medium light moves away from normal. When light enter to denser medium from lighter medium light moves towards the normal.
Reflection: - The coming back of light when entering from one medium to another is called reflection. If all the rays of light are reflected back then it is called total internal reflection. If some of the rays are reflected then it is called partial reflection.
Total internal reflection: - The complete reflection of incident light is called total internal reflection. Total internal reflection takes place only when light enters from denser to lighter medium.
Critical angle: - The angle at which the angle of refraction become 90 degree.
According to Snell’s law the light entering from denser medium to lighter medium with angle of incidence equal to critical angle, light will undergo total internal reflection. This is the technique used in optical fibre communication, the material used in optical fibre is arranged such that the light entering in to the fibre undergoes multiple internal reflections and the light entering at one end will reach the other end. The below figure show the constructional features of optical fibre cable.
It consists of a core which is made up of denser medium and a cladding surrounding it which has lighter medium. Light which is to be transmitted is allowed to fall into the core. Light enters from core to cladding undergoes multiple internal reflection and light travels through the cable. The cable should be arranged such that the angle of incidence of light must be at critical angle or larger than critical angle. There should not be any large bends in the cable which makes the angle of incidents lesser than critical angle. Otherwise total internal refection will not take place.
Advantages of optical fibre communication
The interference of other signals like noise will be absent in optical fibre communication. Maximum accuracy can be attained for data transmission. Large distance transmission is possible. Power required for transmission is less when compared to other channels of communication.
But the disadvantage of using optical fibre is that the cost of setup of the devices is large. Also the repairing cost is large.
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