The most popular scripting language is Java script language on internet which works on almost all browsers like internet explorer, Google chrome, Firefox, opera and safari. For learning JavaScript we need to know html or xhtml technology. Java script helps in making the html webpage interactive. It is a scripting language so the programs of it are executed on server side. Java script is a open source like html and php. It’s not license reserved. Java and java script are not at all equal.
The html programs can be read and written by java script. Java script inserts dynamic script into the html webpage to interact. JavaScript is used in validating data, detecting the browsers. To insert the java script into html program, script tag is used. The JavaScript will write between script tag only.
Syntax of script tag:
-----
Statements
……
The script tag will be written in the body and head of the html program.
……
Statements
……
The browser which not supports the JavaScript, that browser displays the program as page content. If there is
element in the program then the JavaScript program should be below of the
element.
We need to write java script program in such a way when a user clicks the button then a event should occur in such case the script should be written inside the function. Actually events will be used with functions. We can place the script in head and body at the same time.
External java script should not contain tag. The set of statement to be executed at browser is known as java script. Java script is a case sensitive. To command the browser JavaScript language is used.
Document .write (“text”);
The above statement is used to print the text.
JavaScript comments:
Comments are used for the readability of the code.
There are two types:
- Single line comment
- Multi line comment
- Single line comment:
The comment line in single line.
Syntax:
//statement
- Multi line comment
The comment line for block of statement that is multi line
/*
Statements
*/
The variables in the JavaScript:
Variable in java script are case sensitive.
Variables should begin with letter or underscore.
The variable which is declared within the function is known as local variables. The local variables will be accessed within the function. The local variables will be destroyed when the function gets excited.
The variables which are declared outside the function is known as global variables. These variables can be access throughout the webpage. Global variables get excited when the page gets closed. The variables without using var then it are Global variable. The if a value assigned to a variable without declaration then it is automatically known global variable.
Operators:
To assign the value we use =
To add values we use +
To multiply we use *
To divide we use /
To modulus we use %
For increment ++
For decrement –-
+operator can be used to add string or text values.
The comparison operators:
== equal to
!= not equal to
- Greater than
< Less than
>= greater than and equal to
<=less than and equal to
Logical operators:
&& - And
|| - or
! - Not
Conditional operator:
Variable based on condition.
Syntax:
Variable name= (conditional operator)? value1:value2;
Conditional statement:
Conditional statement where we often write code.
The conditional statements are:
1. If statement
2. If else statement
3. If else if else if statement
4. Switch statement
1. If else statement syntax:
If(condition)
{
Code or statement
}
2. If else statement syntax:
If(condition)
{
Code the condtion is true
}
Else
{
Code the condtion is false
}
3. If else if else if statement syntax:
If(condition1)
{
Code to execute
}
Else if(condition2)
{
Code to execute
}
Else
{
Code execute condition 1 and condition2 are not true
}
4. Switch statement syntax:
Switch (a)
{
Case 1:
Code 1execute
Break;
Case 2:
Code2 execute
Break;
Default:
Code execute if a is different from case1 and case 2
}
There are three kinds of popup Boxes:
- Alert box
- Confirm box
- Prompt box
1.Alert box:
If the information comes through the user when the alert box is popup, so that the ok will be clicked by the user.
Syntax:
Alert (“text”);
2. Confirm box:
The information to accept or verify by the user, confirm box is used. When the confirm box appears there will be 2 options for the user that is ok and cancel. To return the box to true, the user should click ok and to return the box to false, the user should click cancel.
Syntax:
Confirm (“text”);
3. Prompt box:
To input a value into the page before entering, then the prompt box is used. when the prompt box pops then the using will be having 2 option that is ok and cancel to proceed after entering input value. If ok is clicked then the box returns to input value and if cancel is clicked then the box returns to null value.
Syntax:
Prompt (“text”, “default value”);
JavaScript functions:
A function gets executed by event or call by function.
We can call function from anywhere in the page. We can define a function in head and body tags.
Syntax:
Function function name (var1, var2………..varn)
Return statement:
Return statement is used to specify which is going to be returned the function. The function which returns a value should use return statement.
Java script loops:
Loops are executed with block of code or statements in specified times and when the condition becomes true.
There are 2 loops in JavaScript:
1. For loop and 2. While loop
1. For loop:
This loop is used to execute the block of code in specified number of times. To run the script in specified number times for loop is used.
Syntax:
For (variable = star value; variable<=end value; variable=variable increment)
{
Code
}
2. While loop:
The loop that executed until the specified condition is true.
Syntax;
While (condition)
{
Code
}
Do while:
The loop executes once and executes until the specified condition is true.
Syntax:
Do
{
Code
}
While (variable<=end value)
Break statement:
The break statement will break the loop and executes next following code after the loop.
Continue statement:
The continue statement will continue the loop and executes next value.
For in statement:
The for in statement loop through the code in the properties of the object.
Syntax:
For(variable in object)
{
Code
}
The code in the form in statement will execute once for each property.
Events:
The actions that can be detected by the JavaScript are known as events.
By using JavaScript we can create dynamic WebPages.
Every element on the webpage will have an event that can trigger JavaScript.
Events are used with the combination of functions. Events cannot be executed before the function occurs.
Onload and on unload events:
When the user enters and leaves the webpage then the events on load and onunload will be triggered.
Onload is used to check the browser, browser version and loading property of the webpage which the user is using.
Onload and onunload events are used to set the cookieswhile leaving the webpages.
Onfocus, on blur and on change events:
These events are used with the combination of validation in the fields of form.
Syntax:
On submit:
Before submitting, this event will be used for validating all form fields.
Syntax:
Onmouseover:
When a user mouse over an html element then onmouseover is used to trigger the function.
Try catch statement:
To test a block of code to test we use try catch statement.
Syntax:
Try
{
Code
}
Catch (error)
{
Error code
}
The try and catch keywords should be in lowercase letters. If we use uppercase letters then they will be errors in JavaScript.
The throw statement:
The throw statement will be sued with try and catch to create exception.
Syntax:
throw(exception)
The exception may be object, Boolean, integer, string.
Here throw should be in lowercase. If it is uppercase then it will be error.
Types of testing and test methodologies
1.Unit technologies:
It is also known as component test. It is done by the developer each and every small piece of code is tested.
2.Integration testing:
All these units are put together for testing. It is also done by the developer.
3.Smoke testing:
It is also known as dry test. Running the software to ensure that it is free from errors.
4.Black box testing:
It is used to check external functionality of the application. Here we will be giving the input and we will check whether the required output or not.
5.White box test:
It is also known as structured testing or glass box testing. We have to check for the internal process.
We have to check 1) conditions 2) loops 3) Database operations 4) memory leakages.
6.Grey Box testing:
It is a combination of blue box and white box testing.
7.Cosmetic testing:
It is for checking the appearance of the application. Here the appearance in the sense checking for the font style, size, color combinations, spellings and alignment.
8. Gorilla Test:
This is also known as monkey test. Running the software by performing illegal operations.
9.Stress test:
We have to run the application number of times to find whether the applications able to with stand the load or not. Here we are putting load in this test. In this we will test on an application.
10.Performance test:
We have to find out how much time is taking to perform a particular process.
11.Load test:
It depends on system configuration, operating system, data base. We have to find out how much load can a server take when multiple users access the same application present on the server at the same time.
12. Security test:
We have to check for the securities.
13.Recovery test:
There should be an option in the application for recovering the data from the back up.
14.Usability test:
This test is user-friendly. User-friendly means to find out whether the end user is comfortable while using the software. It is used for checking:
- Proper messages
- Keyword board operations are provided
- Navigation is proper
- Tool tip text
Bubble help or balloon help whether these applications are provided or not will check.
15.Compatibility test:
Running on various operating system that is window 98, 2000, Unix. Machines / browsers (internet explorer)
16.Retesting:
To find out whether the reported bugs have been fixed or not.
17. Regression test:
We have to ensure that the modifications are giving rise to any other side effects. We will check inside the application.
18.Sanity test:
We have to see that operating system, database connectivity and network connections are not getting disturbed.
19.System testing:
The entire application is tested for the functionality, performance, security, recovery, compatibility and usability.
20.Installation test:
Load the application in some other system and find whether it is getting load properly or not.
21. Uninstallation test:
Unload the software and check whether all the components are getting removed or not.
22. Alpha test:
We will be running the software from the developers place and giving demo to the clients from the developers place and then getting a feedback from the clients.
23.Beta test:
We will be giving the software to the clients place and asking the check to them and then they use the software and then we will get some feedback. I this testing the developers put some licenses after that time period it will expire.
24.User application test:
End user is used to test the software to find out whether all the requirements have been full filled or not.
End user will check for:
Software testing
Documentation
Training
Html stands for hyper text markup language. It is not a programming language. This is a markup language. Markup language is a set of markup tags. Mark up tags is used for WebPages. Markup tags are the keywords surrounded by angle brackets. Most of the tags in the html are in pair. First tag is for starting the tag and second tag for closing the tag. Html document is nothing but webpage. The browser reads the html tag for displaying webpage.
The basic syntax of html program:
………………..
Statements
…………………….
Here is the starting tag and is the ending tag.
Html does not need any software to install. Only a browser and an editor is enough for performing html.
Most of the people use notepad for html programming. For editing the html programs we use Dreamweaver and visual studio. After writing a program in the editor save it with the extension .html or .htm as both are same.
Header tags:
---
,…
,…
,….
,….
and….
are known as header tags.Syntax:
text
text
text.
text
text
text
Paragraph tag:
Paragraph tag is used to give space between paragraphs
Syntax:
paragraphs
Html Link:
Html link is defined by using anchor tag. Html link is used to join WebPages.
Syntax:
Html image:
Image tag is used for inserting the image in the webpage.
Syntax:
Src =source, width and height are the attributes of the image.
Body tag:
This defines the body of the element. This comes after the html tag in the html program.
Statements
Whatever tags we use and the code we right should be in body tag.
Never forget end tags as browser doesn’t show any error. So that you may not get you’re desired output.
Break tag:
Break tag is a empty tag .It has no closing tag.
- break tag
Html is not case sensitive.
Attributes of Html:
Attributes are used to know additional information about the html elements. The values of the attributes always should be closed with quotes.
Example : http://www.seoupdates-sarala.blogspot.com">This is a link
Here, the href is the attribute.
Lines:
tag is used to separate the content with lines.
It does not contain starting tag, it is single tag one.
Comments:
Comment tag can be inserted between the html program. This tag is used for the readability of the program, but they are ignored by the browser.
Html source in a webpage can be viewed by right click and clicking view source.
Html tags which format:
- bold the text
- Italic text
This section would be a good kick start for fresher’s who want to pursue their career in software development or testing fields. I have detailed each and every phase of the Software Development Life Cycle.This explanation is based on the methodologies which was followed in a company i was working for.
The Software Development Life Cycle consists of six phases. The phases are as listed below
a. Initial Phase
b. Analysis Phase
c. Design Phase
d. Coding Phase
e. Testing Phase
f. Delivery and Maintenance Phase
Initial Phase:
I would consider the “Initial Phase” as the most important phase of software development life cycle. This is the phase where the company interacts with the customer to gather the customer requirements.Only if the requirements are clear the company can go ahead to develop a quality product which is 100% defect free. Quality doesn’t simply mean satisfying the requirements of the customer. It also means user friendliness. User friendliness always adds value to the product. That is why we call this phase as the important phase of Software Development Life Cycle.The Business Analyst is always responsible for gathering the requirements from the customer.The Business Analyst and the Manager should coordinate in order to understand the requirements clearly. If the requirements are not clear then they demonstrate a prototype in order to gather the clear requirements from the customer.
At the end of the Initial Phase we get the Functional Requirements Specification (FRS). It is also called as Business Requirements Specification (BRS). In my company it is called as FRS.
Analysis Phase:
In this phase the software engineers analyze the requirements in detail. They will carry out a detailed study of the requirements in order to check the requirements are really viable or not. The technologies that are required to complete the project successfully are listed out. This includes analyzing about the platform, the front end tools (GUI), the back end tools (database used to store data), the type of environment on which the product is going to be deployed (stand alone, client-server, distributed or web). The major factors such as the project size, the number of programmers required, the complexity involved, the cost of training the resources, availability of technically skilled resources, the software and the hardware the company should procure everything would be analyzed in detail.
At the end of this phase we get the System Requirements Specification (SRS).
Design Phase:
Software design should suggest an approach for the implementation of the product. The Chief Architect and the Technical Lead will design the architecture for the software product. They will divide the whole project in to number of modules using the Unified Modeling Language (UML). This is called the High Level Design (HLD).
The Architectural design also involves decomposing the high level functions in to sub functions and establishing interconnections between modules ( among functions, data structures and data storage).This is called the Low Level Design (LLD). The Technical Lead will also develop some Pseudo Code. (Set of simple instructions. This will be really helpful for programmers when they develop the actual code)
The outcome document of this phase is the Technical Design Document (TDD).
Coding Phase:
Now we have the objective of translating the detailed design specification of software in to a form that is acceptable by the computer. Now it is time to select a programming language that gives good shape to our design specification. The programming language opted for should have good coding efficiency and should have features like data abstraction and object oriented approach.The software programmers will develop the actual code with the help of pseudo code. It is always good to follow standard coding styles. It differs from company to company.
The completed source code for all modules is the outcome of this phase. The corresponding executable and the proper documentation for the modules are also made ready.
Testing Phase:
Testing is defined as a process of verification and validation. It is a key element of software quality assurance. The requirements, design and coding needs to be reviewed. Here comes the role of test engineers. The test engineers will first review the requirements document for understanding the requirements clearly. Once the test engineer is clear with the requirements he will write the test cases such that it meets the testing objectives. The engineer writes series of test cases that are intended to find bugs.
Once the build is released by the development team the test engineer will execute the series of test cases on the build. If any defects are identified he will consolidate it in a document and escalate it to the development team for correction. The process continues till the product is defect free.
Delivery and Maintenance Phase:
The deployment engineer will go the customer site to install the product/software in the client environment. He will make use of the deployment document handed over to him by the development team. He would be responsible for making the software up and running.
Maintenance is the phase that follows the delivery of the product to the client. Maintenance activities involve making changes in user display, upgrading the performance, introducing enhancements, improving documentation, hardware up gradation, adapting the product to new environments and also most importantly the error correction.
Subcategories
Web Hosting
Web Hosting is a service offered by web hosting providers to the individuals and organizations to make their websites accessible on the internet. Depending on the requirement, one can avail different types of web hosting such as shared hosting, dedicated hosting, virtual private hosting, cloud hosting etc.
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