So why do you have to include a bibliography or a works cited page in your paper? It’s mainly for the benefit of your reader (in many cases, your teacher). He or she wants to see what or who your sources are and where you got your information. If you don’t list other sources, you are saying that you made up every bit of information or any quotation you used in your paper. Which is not often true! All types of writers use bibliographies. If you pick up a professionally-written book, you’ll often find a list of works cited in the back of the book. Not only is the author being honest in telling readers what other sources he or she used, but it’s also helpful for readers if they want to continue learning about the topic. For example, if you are writing a paper on the French Revolution, and you find a really good book to use as a source, look at the bibliography and see what other books might be good to use. One good source can list other good sources, so you’ll know where to go next!
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The basic rule for the two indefinite articles—“a” and “an”—is simple:
While “a” is used before words that start with consonants, “an” precedes words that begin with vowels (a, e, I, o, and u).
Examples for “a”:
A banana a day kept the monkey happy.
A dog squad always comes in handy for policemen.
It is a rainy day.
A snake slithered along the way.
I bought a new PC.
Ours is a happy family.
In the examples above, note that article “a” precedes words starting with a consonant. There is, however, an exception: If the word has an unsounded “h” as the first letter, then go with “an.”
Examples for “an” before an unsounded “h”:
Sergeant Wilson is an honest police officer.
It was indeed an honor to meet the mayor.
We may take at least an hour to reach Madison.
Examples for “an” preceding without an unsounded “h:”
Ours is a happy family.
A hat was kept on the table.
“An” goes with vowel words.
Examples for “an”:
An open theatre is better for children.
An ant is an intelligent being.
There is an exception to this theory.
Jonny has an egg and a glass of milk for breakfast.
An aunt of mine is visiting us now.
The “an” rule has two exceptions: When “o” has a phonetic sound of “w”, and “u” has a phonetic sound of “y” (as in “you”), article “a” should be used.
Adjectives are words that modify nouns, whereas adverbs, in general, modify verbs. Adjectives and adverbs offer additional meaning to nouns and verbs respectively. They can appear before or after words they modify.
* Examples for sentences with adjectives:
Darryl is my favorite uncle.
That’s an old oak tree.
The hot summer is here!
I have two children.
Those were the glorious years of his life.
Identifying adjectives in a sentence is easy: if a question such as “What kind of,” “How many” or “which kind” before a noun offers answers in a sentence, then such words are known as adjectives. Take a relook at the above examples:
Darryl is my favorite uncle. (Which kind of uncle is Darryl?)
That’s an old oak tree. (What kind of an oak tree is that?)
The hot summer is here! (What kind of summers are here?)
I have two children. (How many children I have?)
Those were the glorious years of his life. (What kind of years in your life were they?)
Adverbs:
Adverbs are words that modify verbs. It can even modify adjectives and other adverbs.
In the case of adverbs modifying verbs, the adverb can be identified by dropping a question “how” to the verb.
* Examples for adverbs that modify verbs:
Sharon sings well. (How does she sing?)
I did my exams badly. (How did I do my exams?)
The monkey danced happily. (How did the monkey dance?)
In the case of adverbs modifying adjectives, the adverb can be identified by dropping a question “how” to the adjective.
* Examples for adverbs that modify adjectives:
My mom is really nice. (“Well” is an adjective. How nice my mom is?)
His nails were horribly dirty. (“Dirty” is an adjective. How dirty were his nails?)
They were dead tired. (“Tired” is an adjective. How tired were they?)
In the case of adverbs modifying adverbs, the adverb can be identified by dropping a question “how” to the verb.
* Examples for adverbs modifying adverbs:
The train chugged painfully slowly. (How slowly did the train chug?)
Then she went happily praising him. (How did she go praising him?)
The teacher spoke really well. (How well did the teacher speak?)
In certain cases, adverbs can even modify nouns and noun phrases. In such contexts, adverbs can also answer a “When,” “Where,” “Which,” “how,” and “Why” clause. Examples:
My duty tomorrow will be challenging. (Duty, when?)
The room upstairs is airy. (Room is airy, which one?)
We had quite a lovely time. (Lovely time it was. How lovely?)
Verb is one of the most important parts of a sentence. It conveys the action part of a sentence – come, go, sit, stand, dance, write, read, run, climb etc. Tense is the form with which the verb must be presented in a sentence.
Examples:
I go home.
I’m going home.
I have gone home.
I have been going home.
I went home.
I was going home.
I had gone home.
I had been going home.
I will go home.
I will be going.
I will have gone home.
I will have been going home.
Notice here that the word “go” is being used in 12 different forms in order to convey 12 different meanings. All of these 12 forms emerge from the three basic tenses of the verb “go”:
Go (present tense), went (past tense), and gone (past participle) or,
Go (simple tense), went (past tense), and will go (future tense)
Let’s take another set of examples and identify the 12 verb tenses accordingly:
She breaks her hand –Simple Present Tense
She is breaking her hand — Present Continuous Tense (suggests an ongoing action in the present tense)
She has broken her hand — Present Perfect Tense (suggests a completed action in the present tense)
She has been breaking her hand — Present Perfect Continuous (suggest an ongoing action to be completed in the present tense)
She broke her hand — Simple Past Tense
She was breaking her hand — Past Continuous Tense (suggests an ongoing action in the past tense)
She had broken her hand — Past Perfect Tense (suggests a completed action in the past tense)
She had been breaking her hand — Past Perfect Continuous Tense (suggests an ongoing action to be completed in the past tense)
She will break her hand — Simple Future Tense
She will be breaking her hand — Future Continuous Tense ((suggests an ongoing action in the future tense)
She will have broken her hand — Future Perfect Tense ((suggests a completed action in the future tense)
She will have been breaking her hand — Future Perfect Continuous Tense (suggests an ongoing action to be completed in the future tense).
Unless it is a grammar school, not many English speaking people bother about identification of tenses. Their usage comes naturally with the fluency of the language.
Citation is a very common practice in research and scholarly work and there are different styles involved in this.It is great help for the readers and users for cross-reference.
Prdeep,why you didn't choose the appropriate section for the gramatical content which is excellent.
