Many thinkers, pacifists, humanitarians and political economists hold the view that a world government is necessary for the welfare, progress, safety, security and world peace. Bertrand Russell and Aldous Huxley explained the importance and the information of the world government. They also pointed out the hurdles in its formation, the powers it should have and its various duties.
During the first world war thousands of soldiers and civilians died. Economic difficulties arose to trouble the nations for several years. The countries that had participated in the First world war created the league of nations at the end of war in order to prevent wars. But the league did not have enough powers to suppress as aggressive member who might create an international war. So it disappeared. The second world war saw the mysteries of a global war. It showed to the nations of the world the destructive power of nuclear weapons like the atom bomb. Two atom bomb’s dropped upon the two Japanese cities, hiroshima and Nagasaki, destroyed the cities and nearly one million people within a few minutes. So the United Nations’ organization was formed at a conference held in San Francisco in 1945 to suppress international wars, world wars and to work for the betterment of humanity in all fields of life.
The league of nations failed to become the world government because it did not have the nations as its members and the powers needed to control wars. The creators of the U.N.O thought that it should, in course of time, become a world government to prevent wars and to maintain world peace. For the purpose they created an international army, to be called the U.N army, recruiting the soldiers from all the member-nations. With the contributions made by the member-nations the U.N.O developed itself into various branches to improve every nation in all ways. In short, the U.N.O functions as a kind of world government.If all nations in the world should recognize the U.N.O as a world government or form a world government, they will have to be under its control. For this purpose each of them will have to surrender part of her liberty and sovereignty without feeling ashamed of it. The world government cannot function if any of the nations does not show due respect and obedience to it. Even the monarchs of the countries which have monarchy will have to respect the world government.
To control wars and maintain peace, the world government should have an army of its own and an international or the world government police force to check the production of war weapons and to effect its disarmament. The world government army should consist of soldiers of all the countries. They should have a sense of duty at the cost of patriotism or nationalism. If a country creates an international war, the world government army will be sent to control it. Some of the soldiers of the world government army be the natives of that country. They should not refuse to fight against their own country men to control the international war. But in practice it is impossible for the soldiers to have so much honesty and so much sense of duty as to fight their own country men. There is the possibility of they joining their countrymen and making the war more serious. It may become necessary for the world government to send such soldiers as are not the natives of the countries indulging in the war to control them and create peace.
The world government should know the exact military strength of every nation and her capacity to produce weapons. She should allow every nation to have certain military strength and certain ordinary weapons of war of self-defence, but she should take away the extra weapons and the raw materials used for the production of war weapons, especially, the nuclear weapons. Every nation should agree to let the world government do it for world peace. But in reality no nation which has the resources for the production of nuclear weapons will agree to disarm herself. The world government should have sufficient moral and military powers to bring her round.
The U.N.O has tried and has effected disarmament to a great extent. But the powerful nations of the world have been making different kinds of a war weapons. The recent Gulf War proved how the modern weapons, if made in their proper enlarged forms with great destructive powers, can destroy the whole world within a few hours. The U.N.O does not have sufficient powers to control the nuclear tests and the production of nuclear weapons. The major powers themselves periodically convene meetings to discuss the disarmament problem. The non-aligned nations cry out their appeal to them to effect complete disarrangement of the safety of the world. But no major power trusts the other major powers in the matter of disarmament but thinks that they may be clandestinely producing nuclear and other weapons of war. The U.N.O cannot coerce them to producing war weapons.
The world government should use the necessary force to coerce the nations into giving up the production of nuclear weapons. The world government should compel all the nations to produce the weapons for defense purpose only with her knowledge and permission, and under her supervision. The world government should seize the dangerous war weapons already produced and destroy them.Apart from effecting disarmament, prevention of international wars and the introduction of world peace, the world government should perform the other duties of a government. She should look after the problems of food, clothes, shelter, unemployment, diseases, illiteracy, flood, famine, earth quake and volcanic eruptions. She should see to it that the people of every country get enough to eat, enough to wear, enough shelter, education, medical treatment and employment. She should make a country having surplus food grains send them to the country in need of them. Relaxation of the visa rules, and the encouragement and facilitation of international trade with the assistance of the world government police force a contingency of which is to be kept in every country will help the world enjoy a sure and long-lasting economic welfare.
The most important thing about running the world government is the appointment of qualified officers who should be honest and loyal to the world government in every respect. They should be selected from all the nations. Some of them will have to be elected to the highest offices and the others selected or appointed.