PC is a machine with electrical and electronic circuits as well as electromechanical assemblies. For reliable operation and long life of PC, must consider various environmental factors.
The following factors affect the normal working of PC. These factors should be kept within the specified limits or tey to avoid these factor near PC for trouble-free operation.
1> Temprature [10° C - 45° C]
Affects :
Life of IC's and other components.
Encounter excessive chip creep.
Signal traces on circuit board can crack and separate.
Solder joints can break.
Contacts in the system can undergo accelerated corrosion.
Solid-state components such as chips can be damaged.
Temperature generates intermittent problems in electronic circuits
Early failure of electronic components.
Avoiding Temperature :
Install an adequate fan in the power supply or system.
Add an auxiliary fan.
Run PC's only in safe temperature range.
Install Air Conditioner in computer room.
Avoid direct sunbeam in computer room.
Use adequate space for computers.
2> Humidity [60° Relative humidity]
Affects :
Causes corrosion in the contact region, which in turn causes contact problems in the different components.
High humidity in low temperature will cause the surface oxidation effect on metal parts, such as electrical contacts & breakdown of insulation material in a power supplies & monitor.
Low humidity, high temperature and dry weather may create problems with static electricity.
May also generate sticky layer of dust on ICs and components, avoid heat dissipation.
May fails ICs and component.
Avoiding Humidity Problems :
Use dehumidifier.
Install Air Conditioner in computer room.
3> Dust :
Affects :
As dust buids up, entire board can become coated with fine insulating shealth. This avoids heat dissipation and damages ICs.
Reduces life of chips and various components.
It damages Magnetic tape storage of a computer. And causes head crash in Hard Disk.
Dust on read/write head crashes disk surface.
Keyboard may get affected with dust and dirt. It jams the keys and may cause improper functioning of keyboard.
Avoiding Dust :
The computer room must be cleaned regularly.
Clean the computer with dust free cloth.
Use vacuum to remove dust from the keyboard and system board.
Wndows in the computer room must be enclosed with curtains to prevent entry of dust.
Smoking in the computer room must be prohibited.
Use covers on different parts of computer such as monitor, system unit, keyboards.
Use Air Conditioner for computer room.
4> Magnetic Field Effect :
Affects :
Data storage on magnetic storage devices may get affected or corrupted.
May disturb electron beams of CRT monitor, causinf improper deflection.
Can cause permanent loss of data on hard disk.
Avoiding Magnetic Field :
Keep PC away from the Television.
Keep PC away from the Speaker.
Do not keep any permanent magnet or electromagnet near PC.
Do not keep any recording machine near to PC.
Printers and Monitors are two of the most common output devices used with the computer.
A monitor provides a soft copy of our results, where as the printer is used to get a Hard copy of our results.
Following are Types of printer. Each with their benfits & drawbacks.
DOT MATRIX PRINTER :
Dot matrix printers are bit image type of printers. These printers form charachters and images by placing pattern of dots on the paper by stricking inked with a number of small pins.
Advantages :
Dot Matrix printer are inexpencive.
Small in size.
Light Weight.
Versatile.That is, it can produce graph, charts & even pictures.
Ribbon cartridges can be re-ink or refilled at very cheap price.
Disadvantages :
These are light duty printers. Cannot be used continuously for more than one hour.
Quality is not so good.
Generates Noise.
Requires more servicing.
Inkjet Printer :
Inkjet printers are bit image, produce character shape and images by spray ink from tiny nozzles into the paper.
Advantages :
Silent in operation.
High quality output.
Support color printing.
High Speed
Disadvantages :
Cost is high as copared to Dot-Matrix.
It requires periodic maintenance.
Ink cartridge are costly than ribbon.
Requires special quality paper of best quality
Laser Printer :
Laser printers are becoming very popular as high end printer because of its exceptionally clear and sharp images.
Advantages :
High quality printing.
Speed is High
Silent in operation.
Supports text and graphics
Disadvantages :
Cost is more.
Coatof toner is high.
Expart person requires for maintenance.
Following are some faults that might occur in your pc, read below th find what could be the cause..
1> No Display
Symptoms :
No Graphics or text charachter can be produced on the display monitor.
No Screen display. no graphics or Text.
Preliminary checks :
Check video cable for continuity & proper mating.
Try another known-good display monitor.
Clean the display adapter edge connector & restart the board.
Check for proper system configuration.
Causes :
Bad Video Cable.
Bad Display Adapter.
Incorect system configuration.
2> Key Board Won't respond at all or wrong charachter is produced.
Symptoms :
When a key is pressed, no diaplay response is noted, or when key is pressed, the wrong charachter is displayed on the monitor.
Preliminary checks :
Check video cable for continuity & proper mating.
Clean the keys with a tuner cleaning spray.
Check keyboard cable for continuity & proper mating.
Causes :
Bad Video Cable.
Bad video display Adapter.
Bad keyboard cable.
Bad video RAM.
3> Unwanted repeat Action.
Symptoms :
When akey is pressed, more than one image of the same character is displayed on thw screen
Preliminary checks :
Check cable for continuity & proper mating.
Clean the keyboard keys with a tuner cleaning spray.
If only one key fails, replace the key.
Causes :
Bad keyboard cable.
Bad Keys.
Bad Keyboard controller.
4> No Key recognised.
Preliminary checks :
Check keyboard cable for continuity & proper mating.
Ckeck keyboard connector pins.
Clean the keyboard keys with a tuner cleaning spray.
Causes :
Bad keyboard interfacing cable or connector.
Bad keyboard connector on motherboard.
Cable not connected properly.
Bad Keyboard controller.
5> Mouse won't work properly.
Preliminary checks :
Check the mouse cable for continuity and proper connection.
Check dust on mouse rollers.
Check mouse buttons.
Check mouse configuration.
Causes :
The mouse may be bad.
Bad mouse interfacing cable.
Not installed properly.
Improper mouse driver.
cell phone is a electronic devie.it is invented by doctor martin cooper .he made a first cellular call in april of 1973.now a days everyone using the cell phones.we cant't see a person without mobiles.it is invented in 21st century.cell phone has more advantages and also disadvantages.
features of cell phones:
1)phone calling: you can talk to anyone using mobile.
2)messaging:you can send and receive the text messages.
3)email:you cand send and receive the emails.
4)voice mail:you can send voice mail .
5)games:you can play games on your mobile.
6)play music:you can listen music on mp3 player using mobile.
7)images:you can take photos on your mobile.
8)videos:you can take a videos on your mobile.
9)gprs:you can access a internet using gprs connection.
10)alarm clock:you can alarm clock on your mobile.
11)movies:you can see movies on our mobile.
advantages of the cell phones:
1)you can use in emergencies.
2)you can contact your friends using mobile.
3)you can listen mp3 music to it.
4)you can listen fm radio to it.
5)you can take photos and videos and you can share with your friends.
6)you can use it as a torch light.
7)you can use it as a alarm clock
8)you can check time in other countries.
9)you use it as a convertor.
10)you can use it as a convertor.
11)you can play games .and you can download games on your mobile.
12)you can use a calcultor.
13)you can send and receive via bluetooth.
disadvantage of cell phones:
1)it is effect on human health.
2)cell phone elominate loe level of rf(radio frequency)radiation.the radiation affects the health.
3)cell phone vibration affects yout ear drum.
4)cell phone ringing affect your heart if you put your in your upper pocket.
5)cell phone uses microwave radiations to transmit data.the microwave lead to serious health problems like brain tumors,ear defects,headaches,sleeping problems,and blurring of vision.these microwave cause the demage to the dna.
6)cell phone use is expensive.they charge more money for text messages,downloading and while roaming.
7)mobile has a signal problems in some places.
8)people use bluetooth and camera in bad ways.
9)mobile phone advertisements through message are becomming a pain to mobile users.
10)cell cannot have the information if any new person call to your mobile.
11)cell phone and driving:accidents occurs if talking on phone while driving.
12)disturbing elements:cell phone making problems in places whereever need silents such places are hospital,libraries,movie theaters,meeting.
13)cheating on exams:some of the students cheating on exams using cell phones.
To Change IP Address follow the following steps:
1. Open your control panel window in windows Operating System.
2. Select Network connections option, Right Click to select Properties
3. Open Local area connection properties dialog box ,to check whether Internet protocol(TCP/IP)
4. If check then Double click to open new dialog box ,Internet protocol(TCP/IP) properties
5. There is two option obtain an IP address automatically and use the following IP Address
6. you to select use the following IP Address option then give your Network IP Address and automatically set subnet mask
7. Finally Press ok ,then Restart System
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