Articles [Nature]

Foundation Part of the structure below the ground level I called foundation. Foundation supports the weight of structure and the load carried by it. The size and shape of the structure caries the foundations. The type of foundation also depends on...

Masonry Various important terms in Brick masonry >Brick masonry refers to the part of the building built up by brick and cement or lime mortar. >Qunion is a corner or the external angle on the face side of the brick work. >Course is a...

Flooring Floors are provided to divide a building in to different levels for creating more accommodation, one above the other. Bottom floor near the ground level is called ground floor and other floor above it are termed as upper floors. Flooring...

Doors and windows Generally for any building like house, room (or) temple, door is required. Door is the most important component. It will safeguard the persons living inside the house. Location of doors and windows The following points should...

Roofs and Roofs Trusses A roof is the uppermost part of a building which is supported on structural members and converted with roofing materials to give protection to the building against rain, heat, snow etc. A good roof is just as essential as a...

Calculation for Area and Valuation Calculation of area means the determination of area of the land surveyed. Definition Ordinates The perpendicular distances from the baseline to the boundary of the land concerned ar called as...

Stones and Aggregates Stones are naturally available material for building and are obtained from rocks. Quarrying Stones are obtained from rocks by quarrying. Quarrying is done at some depth below the earth level, where weathering effects are...

Bricks Bricks are the important building material. The top soil is pressed to form a square, or rectangular hard mass. Composition A good brick earth should have suitable proportions of alumina, silica, lime, iron oxide and...

Cement Cement is a binding substance for materials Constituents of ordinary or Portland cement Ingredients Percentage Lime (calcium oxide) 62 Silica 22 Alumina 5 Calcium...

Steel and Timber Steel Ordinary steel is an alloy of iron and carbon. Steel are classified as follows: (i) Low carbon steel or mild contains less than 0.25 % carbon. (ii) Medium carbon or medium steel with carbon content between 0.25 % -...