Why coronavirus is so dangerous and spreadable?

Coronavirus is a zoonotic virus, an RNA virus in the family Coronaviridae of the order Nidovirales. It is a family of viruses that cause respiratory infections, which were first isolated in 1937 and designated coronaviruses, because they have a crown-like appearance under microscopy, in 1965. The types of coronavirus known to date are as follows: the alpha coronaviruses HCoV-229E and HCoV-NL63; the beta coronaviruses HCoV-OC43 and HCoV-HKU1; SARS-CoV, which causes severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS); MERS-CoV, which causes The Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS); and SARS-CoV-2, a new coronavirus described in late 2019 after cases were reported in China, which causes the disease known as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Structure of coronavirus-

The definitive diagnosis of COVID-19 is made by analyzing respiratory samples (collected by aspiration of the airways or sputum induction). Laboratory tests to identify the virus involve the use of real-time polymerase chain reaction techniques and partial or total sequencing of the viral genome. The collection of nasopharyngeal aspirate, combined (nasal and oral) swab samples, or samples of lower respiratory tract secretions (sputum, tracheal lavage fluid, or bronchoalveolar lavage fluid) is recommended. To confirm the disease, it is necessary to perform molecular biology tests that detect viral RNA. Severe cases should be transferred to a referral hospital for isolation and treatment. Individuals with mild symptoms should be followed at the primary health care level and should be advised to self-isolate at home.

Graphical representation of covid spreadability-