Basic physics terms:

Physical Quantity:The quantity which can be measured is called physical quantity.Example length of scale,area, volume.

Fundamental Quantity:The physical quantity which is basic and is not derived from others is called fundamental quantity.Example:length,mass,time.

Here some other fundamental quantities are also as explained below:

Temperature

Luminous Intensity

angle

Derived Quantity:The physical quantity which is derived from fundamental quantity is called derived quantity. Example:Area,force,volume.

Dimension Formula:The formula which describes the physical quantity in terms of mass,length and time and raise to the power of these terms to show the relation of the physical quantity with these fundamental quantities.

Example Dimensional formula of force is [M1 L1 T-2].

Scalar :The physical quantity which depends only on the magnitude is called scalar quantity.Example:mass, area, work.

Vector: Vector is that physical quantity which depends on the magnitude as well as on particular direction.Example: Displacement, velocity.

Distance:It is the actual path between the initial point and final point.It is the scalar quantity as it depends on the magnitude only.

Displacement:It is the shortest distance in a specific direction between initial and final points.it is a vector quantity as it depends on the direction.

Speed: Speed is the ratio of distance with time or it can be defined as the time rate of distance covered is called speed. It is a scalar quantity.

Velocity: Velocity is the time rate of displacement covered. It is the vector quantity.

Force:Force is defined as the pull or push which can change the size, direction and state of motion or position of an object.

F=ma

where F is force ,m is mass of an object, a is the acceleration.

Inertia: Inertia is the inability of an object to change its position or state by itself. It can also be defined as a property of an object to not to change its position until an external force is applied on it.

Inertia is of three types:

Inertia of Rest Inertia of Motion Inertia of Direction

Momentum: Momentum is the actual motion contained in an object. It is defined as the product of mass and velocity of an object. Momentum is also a vector quantity.

p = mv

where p is the momentum of the body, m is mass and v is velocity.