Sanskrit
The ancient Indo-European language of northern South Asia. Its earliest known form, Vedic Sanskrit (the language of the Vedas, ancient hymns), is documented from 1000 BC. By the 4th century BC Vedic Sanskrit had been succeeded by classical Sanskrit.

Ancient Greek
Greek refers to ancient Greek which was  spoken between century 1500 BC and 500 AD.

Modern Greek
The present-day language is specified as ‘modern Greek’ (this is traditionally dated from 1453, the year of the fall of Byzantium). The language of the intervening period is generally termed ‘Byzantine Greek’ or ‘medieval Greek’.

Classical Latin
Latin refers to classical Latin, the literary language of ancient Rome between the 1st century BC and the 3rd century AD.

Late Latin
The successor to classical Latin, extant from the 3rd century AD to the 7th century.

Medieval Latin
The Medieval Latin was used in Western Europe from the 7th century to the 15th.

Gallo-Roman
The intermediate stage between Vulgar Latin and Old French, spoken between the 7th century and the 10th.

Old French
The ancestor of modern French, spoken between the 10th century and c. 1600.

Old Northern French
The form of Old French spoken in Northern France, which the Norman conquerors of England brought with them. Most of English’s
early acquisitions would have been from this variety of Old French.

Anglo-Norman
The form of French spoken in England in the Middle Ages was known as the Anglo-Norman.

Gaulish
The Celtic language spoken in Gaul, the ancient region of Europe centred on what is now France.

Frankish
The language spoken by the Franks, the Germanic people who conquered Gaul in the 6th century AD.

Old Norse
The ancestor of the modern Scandinavian languages, spoken throughout Scandinavia from c. 700 to c. 1350.

Old English [OE]
The language spoken by the Englishmen from the mid-5th century to c. 1150.

Middle English
The language spoken by the Englishmen from c. 1150 to c. 1500.

Modern English
The language spoken by the Englishmen from c. 1500 to the present day.

High German
Originally, the form of German spoken in southern Germany, which has evolved into modern standard German.

Old High German
The Old High German language was spoken up to c. 1200.

Middle High German
Middle High German language was spoken from c. 1200 to c. 1500.

Low German
German dialects spoken in northern Germany.

Middle Low German
The middle low German was spoken from c. 1200 to c. 1500. Its forerunner is known as ‘Old Saxon’.

Middle Dutch
The precursor of modern Dutch, spoken between c. 1100 and the early 16th century.

Old Church Slavonic or Old Slavonic
The earliest written Slavonic language (actually a dialect of Bulgarian), first recorded in the 9th century. It is still used in religious services in the Eastern Orthodox churches.






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