Medicine
Medicine (from the Latin word medicus, resulting in "healing") is the science whose object is both the study of the organization of the human body (anatomy), its normal functioning (physiology ), as well as preservation of the health (prophylaxis), dysfunction (pathology) and the various ways to get the restoration of health (therapy).
The medical process
The steps of the procedure is comprised of:
The etiology is the study of the causes of the disease.
The pathogenesis or pathogenesis is the study of causal mechanism.
the pathophysiology is the study of changes in major functions during the disease.
The semiology is the study of all the signs. It is related to what we call the clinic, opposed to the para-clinical results of the tests. Given the increasing complexity of imaging techniques, he developed a semiology of tests.
The diagnosis is the identification of the disease.
The differential diagnosis is the description of the disease with signs and relatives who may be confused.
The therapy is the treatment of the disease.
The prognosis is the anticipation of changing it.
The psychology of the patient is an important element in the success of the medical process. As from 1963 the historian of medicine Jean Starobinski, "a truly comprehensive medicine is not limited to this technical aspect, if it achieves its full job, the doctor with his patient establishes a relationship that would satisfy the emotional needs of the latter. The medical procedure is therefore twofold: firstly, the problems of the body and disease are the subject of a knowledge which is not different from that we take the rest of nature - and the body of the patient is considered a "thing" alive capable of reacting in accordance with general laws and, secondly, the therapeutic relationship is established between two people, in the context of a personal story - and the medicine becomes this time an art of dialogue, which the patient offers himself as an interlocutor and an alarmed conscience Georges Canguilhem wrote him that" the medical and surgical act is not a scientific instrument, because the man patient is not just a physiological problem to be solved, it is most distress to rescue. "
Branches of medicine
Medicine is located at the junction of science and the technical. As explained by the historian of medicine Jean Starobinski, medicine today is the applied science in which we act, directly or indirectly, on the processes taking place in the human body. It is transformed into a knowledge power. Theoretical Medicine (biophysics, biochemistry, physiology, pathophysiology, microbiology, pharmacology, etc..) Lays the foundations and experimental sound of a technique whose implementation is entrusted to the "practitioner"
Basic Sciences
The anatomical study of the human anatomy
The biology: the molecular biology, the cell biology, the genetics, the bacteriology, the virology, the parasitology
The biochemistry
The biophysical
The histology and the embryology
The physiology human
The humanities in medicine
Medical Specialties and Skills
In practice
The general medicine
The health education
The pathology study microscopic diseased tissues
The anesthesia-resuscitation: sedation, anesthesia, reanimation
The bio-medical
The surgery: medical therapy that includes a mechanical intervention within tissues
The cosmetic medicine: type of care to improve the appearance of plastic patient.
The occupational medicine: preventive medicine to avoid any deterioration in the health of workers due to their work, including monitoring the hygiene conditions of work, the risks of contagion and the health of workers.
The emergency medicine: medicine hospital (emergency department) and extra-hospital (ambulance), emergency treatment vital
The nutrition: care of metabolism and nutrition
The pharmacy: dispensing of medicines and care pharmaco-therapeutic
The radiology:
Specialty of the medical imaging
Radiation treatment of tumors by ionizing radiation.
By Patient
The Andrology: medicine man, management of specific diseases male.
The gynecology medicine of women, care for specific diseases of women.
The obstetric medicine of the pregnant woman. Note medical practice full of midwives, who are dedicated to the monitoring of normal pregnancies
The fetal medicine: Medicine of the fetus through the emergence of methods of exploration of the womb (ultrasound, Doppler, amniocentesis).
The pediatric medicine for children, very broad and generally encompasses the clinical genetics.
The neonatology: medicine and resuscitation of the newborn and premature.
The geriatric medicine of the elderly.
The medicine of seafarers medicine sailors and workers of the sea
By bodies
The angiology medicine vessels.
The cardiology medicine diseases of heart (electrocardiography) and the vascular system.
The dermatology medicine for diseases of skin
The endocrinology medicine gland disease, hormonal abnormalities, disorders of nutrition and metabolism.
The hematology medicine diseases of the blood
The hepato-gastroenterology medicine diseases of the liver and digestive tract
The immunology medicine diseases or disorders of the immune system.
The nephrology medicine diseases of the kidneys
The neurology medicine disease nervous system
The dental care of teeth
The ophthalmology: diseases of medical eye, the orbit and eyelids.
The orthopedic discipline treating surgical diseases of the musculoskeletal system.
THE Otorhinolaryngology (ENT) medicine disease ears, the nose and the throat
The chest medicine diseases of the lungs
The psychiatric medicine for behavioral disorders.
The Rheumatology: medical discipline dealing with disorders of the musculoskeletal system.
The dental medicine diseases of the mouth
The urology medicine of the urinary
The venereology
By diseases
The addiction medicine addiction, comprising the alcohol, the smoking and drug addiction (branch of psychiatry, according to some)
The Alcoholism: medical problems related to alcohol
The allergy medicine for allergies
The oncology or oncology medicine of cancer (including chemotherapy tumors)
The Infectious Diseases: Medicine Infectious Diseases
The psychiatric medicine mental disorders and mental illness
The toxicology treatment of poisonings and poisonings
The trauma: treatment of patients who suffered severe injuries, usually accidental
The types of surgery
Cardiac Surgery
Digestive Surgery
Surgery of the face and neck (maxillofacial)
General Surgery
Pediatric Surgery
Chirurgie orthopédique
Dental surgery
Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic
Thoracic Surgery
Urological Surgery (Urology)
Vascular Surgery
Visceral Surgery
Neurosurgery
Surgical Techniques
Miscellaneous
Anatomy and cytology pathology (see anatomical pathology)
Anaesthesiology and resuscitation
Medical Biology
Genetics
Gynecology Obstetrics
Medical Informatics and Information Technologies
General Medicine
Internal Medicine
Hyperbaric Medicine
Nuclear Medicine
Nutritional Medicine (see Nutrition)
Pathology and Pathological Anatomy
Child Psychiatry
Radiodiagnosis and medical imaging
Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
Public Health