Bio- industry
Poultry
- Hens are reared for eggs and meat. Hens reared only for meat are known as broilers. Layers hens are imported into India as they are available only in foreign countries. White Leghorn hens are reared for eggs. Every layer hen gives some 200 to 250 eggs, every year. It needs some 125 grams of nutritious diet.
Apiculture
- Honeybees are reared in specially made wooden boxes. Honeybees make honeycombs in these boxes. Every honeycomb is like a colony of bees with one queen bee, and hundreds of male bees and thousands of other bees from the workforce. The queen bee lays eggs. Male bees do the job of fertilizing these eggs. The working bees gather pollens; gum water and the honey water from far away places and store them in a specific place. Honey is the food of these bees. The working bees secrete a sticky substance which is paraffin. It is used for building the comb. Every box can give 6 kilograms of honey and 250 grams of paraffin in a year.
The paraffin separated from the honeycomb is later used for manufacturing cosmetics, candles, polished carbon papers, etc.
Sericulture
- In this, silkworms are reared. Silkworms produce a sticky substance from which silk threads are obtained after processing it. Bomix Moria, the silkworms are in use in India for sericulture. They are found in all parts of India. These worms are growing on the tuti trees. The larva of these worms eats the tender tuti leaves. It begins to secrete a sticky fluid-like substance. This substance is used to make cocoons. When these cocoons are heated in hot water, the silk threads get separated. One cocoon can give a silk thread as long as 90 meters.
Fisheries
- In sea or in specially stored water tanks, fish are reared. These fish are in proteins. In fish water ponds, lakes, etc., fish such as Katala, Rohu, Mrigal, Carp are reared and in salty water, fish like Bora, Mudgushi, Renavi, Chanod, and Khari are reared.
Dairy
- This includes milk production, processing of milk and its distribution. We get milk from cows and buffaloes. Technology for developing hybrid breeds of cattle has been developed. Indian cow gives some 5-6 liters of milk every day. But breeds like Jerssey, Holstan or redden give 10 to 12 liters of milk.
Leather industry
- Animal hides (skins) are removed and processed to obtain leather in tanneries. Leather is used for making bags, shoes, purses, belts, etc. leather is also obtained from the hides other animals such as goats, seeps, cows, bulls, tigers, snakes and crocodiles.
Modern bio- technology
ECG
- When the heart beats, electric impulses are produced by the heart muscles. The graph of these impulses is called ` Electrocardiogram’. This method is very useful in knowing the efficient functioning of heart.
EMG
- At the time of contraction or due to various reflex actions, the stimulated muscles create electric waves. The technique of preserving them in from of a graph is called as ``Electromyography’’. The preserved waves are called ``Electromiograph’’.
CAT
- Computerized Axial Tomography knows as CAT was invented by the British Electronic Engineer Godfrey House filed and American scientist Allan Corman.
Scanner
- Scanner is used for the diagnosis of blood pressure or the blood clotting in the brain and also for diagnosis of various diseases afflicting our brain and other organs such as stomach, liver and chest.
Pacemaker
- The heart of a health full grows up man beats 70 to 80 times a minute. Heart aliments can cause the danger of irregularity in heart beats and can stop the beating permanently. In such cases, artificial pacemaker is placed in the muscles of the chest. It controls the heart beats. This machine works on a miniature battery and normally can function for 15 years.
EEG
- The micro impulses created in the brain of animals and men caused by biomedicinal treatments and processes are preserved and studied. This method is called as ``electroencephalogram’’. The graph of these impulses is called as electroencephalograph. Hans herbal, the German scientist invented EEG.