POWER GENRATION IN THERMAL PLANT : G.N.D.T.P BATHINDA

HISTROY

• Due to high rate of increasing population day by day, widening gap between power demand and its availability was one the basic reason for establishing the G.N.D.T.P. for the state of Punjab. The other factors favoring the installation of the thermal power station were low initial cost and comparatively less gestation period as compared to hydro electric generating stations. The foundation stone of G.N.D.T.P. at bathinda was laid on 19th November 1969, the auspicious occasion of 500th birth anniversary of great Guru Nanak Dev Ji.
• The historic town of bathinda was selected for this first and prestigious thermal project of the state due to its good railway connections for fast transportations of coal, availability of canal water and proximity to load center.
• The total installed capacity of the power station 440MW with four units of 110MW each. The first unit of the plant was commissioned in September, 1974. Subsequently second, third and fourth units started generation in September 1975, March 1978, January 1979 respectively. The power available from this plant gives spin to the wheels of industry and agricultural pumping sets.

SALIENT FEATURES

• Power plant                                       238 acres
• Ash disposal                                      845
• Lake                                                   180
• Residential colony                             285
• Marshalling yard                               256
• Total area                                         1804

• TOTAL COST:- Rs. 115 crores
• STATION CAPACITY:- 4 units of 110MW. Each

INTRODUCTION

Guru Nanak Dev Thermal Power Plant is a coal-based plant. The  requirement of coal for four units based on specific fuel consumption of  0.60 kg / kwh . The conveying and crushing system will have the same capacity as that of the unloading system. The coal comes in as large pieces. This coal is fed to primary crushers, which reduce the size of coal pieces from 400mm to 150mm. Then the coal is sent to secondary crusher through forward conveyors where it is crushed from 150mm to 20mm as required at the mills. Then the coal is sent to boilers with the help of primary fans. The coal is burnt in the boiler. Boiler includes the pipes carrying water through them; heat produced from the combustion of coal is used to convert water in pipes into steam. This steam generated is used to run the turbine. When turbine rotates, the shaft of generator, which is mechanically coupled to the shaft of turbine, gets rotated so, three phase electric supply is produced.

The basic requirements are:-

• Fuel (coal)
• Boiler
• Steam turbine
• Generator
• Ash handling system
• Unit auxiliaries

STEAM TURBINE:-

Manufacturers                                                                      B.H.E.L.

Rated output                                                                         110 MW.

Rated speed                                                                         3000 r.p.m.

Number of cylinders                                                              three

Rated pressure                                                                       130 kg/cm²

Rated temperature                                                                  535°C

Condenser vacuum                                                                 0.9 kg/cm²

COOLING TOWERS:-

Numbers                                                                                 four

Water cooled                                                                         18000 T/hr.

Cooling range                                                                              10°C

Height                                                                                  120/122 metres

MAJOR PLANT AUXILLARIES

• BOILER CHIMNEY
• CIRCULATING WATER PUMP
• COOLING TOWER
• BOILER
• TURBO GENERATOR
• ASH PRECIPITATOR

The Working of the plant can be conveniently explained with the help of various cycles. These cycles are:-

• FUEL(COAL) CYCLE
• WATER  CYCLE
• STEAM CYCLE
• AIR FLOW CYCLE
• FLUE GAS CYCLE
• ASH CYCLE
• CONDENSATE WATER CYCLE

SAMPLE CKT. OF THERMAL PLANT

WORKING

1. Coal received from collieries in the rail wagon
2. Mechanically unloaded
3. Crushing in the coal crusher
4. Carried by belt Conveyor System
5. Coal is pulverized to a fine powder
6. Pulverized coal is then sucked by the vapour fan and finally stored in pulverized coal bunkers
7. Coal being in pulverized state gets burnt immediately in the boiler furnace
8. The water gets converted into steam by heat released by the combustion of fuel in the furnace
9. Water gets evaporated at high temperature into steam by absorption of furnace heat
10. The dry steam at high temperature is then led to the turbine comprising of three cylinders
11. The thermal energy of this steam is utilized in turbine for rotating its shaft at high speed
12. The steam is then let to the coupled to turbine shaft is the rotor of the generator, which produces electricity .
13. The condenser is having a large number of brass tubes through which the cold water is circulated continuously for condensing the steam passing out sides the surface of the brass tubes

ELECTROSTATIC PRECIPITATOR

USE OF PRECIPITATOR

Dust extractions from industrial gases become a necessity for environmental reasons. Most of the plants in India use coal as fuel for generating steam. The exhaust gases contain large amount of smoke and dust, which are being emitted into atmosphere. This poses a real threat to the mankind as a health hazards. Hence it has become necessary to free the exhaust gases from smoke and dust.

APPLICATIONS

• Narrowing the gap between power demand and power availability of the state.
• Covering the backward surrounding area into fully developed Industrial Township.
• Providing additional relief to agricultural pumping sets to meet the irrigation needs for enhancing the agriculture production.
• Reliability and improvement in continuity of supply and system voltage. Achieving cent percent rural electrification of the state