Some days ago the whole world was very anxious about an experiment which was done successfully. It was named as “Big Bang Explosion”.
It is commonly known as an explosion but this is not a good analogy. It is an experiment to know how the universe was formed. In Big Bang theory “The universe formed as a primeval fireball about 15 (or more) billion years ago. Initially the entire universe was compressed to the size of an infinitesimal point. At the moment of formation this primeval fireball began expanding ever since”.
The expansion of this primeval fireball is almost universally described as a huge explosion but it’s a wrong analogy. Because although it is true that distant galaxies all appear to be moving away from us but that is not because we are the central point in the universe. It is happening because the universe is expanding by general relativity.
To know the mysterious thing the scientist wanted to create such an environment which was created at the time of big bang. So a project was undertaken to make a powerful particle accelerator, which was named as Large Hadron Collider (LHC) & constructed at the cost of $4.4 billion at the European centre for nuclear research laboratory in Geneva.
The LHC is circular tunnel 27 k.m in circumference. Beams of protons will be accelerated upto 99.999% of speed of light, when they smash together, they will generate concentrations of energy resembling those that occurred during the 1st trillionth of a second after the big bang.
(LARGE HADRON COLLIDER) (PHOTO MULTIPLICITY DETECTOR)
The Photon Multiplicity Detector (PMD), which has been fitted in LHC, in which small particles will be accelerated & made to collide at the highest ever man made speed.
Also the scientists are trying to generate quark gluon plasma matter, which was present at the time of creation of universe. We already know atoms & sub atomic particles like electron, proton & neutron. But what makes the proton & neutron? That’s where quarks come into picture.
In nature quarks are always found, bound together in groups, & never in isolation, because of a phenomenon known as confinement. These groups of quarks are called hadrons, when the beams of protons smash together at almost the speed of light there will be such a high concentration of energy that a matter called quarks gluon plasma will be created. In this phase for a brief period of time a large no. of free quarks & gluons can exist. That was how things were just after the “Big Bang”.
The PMD was developed at variable energy cyclotron centre in kolkata. Many IITian, Physician & Scientist were working together to develop it.
Before the experiments were initiated some persons & organizations claim that the experiment will produce “Black Hole” & the entire earth will be finished in the black hole. But the researchers clarified all the doubts & finished the 1st phase of experiment. Now we are safe & the next phase of the experiment will be done in future after the maintenance & repairing of LHC.